| The experiment was carried out in the screen house, the crop high yield physiological lab andmolecular biological lab of Agricultural Ecology Institute, Fujian Academy of AgriculturalSciences. The study was to identify whether peanut breeds with radiation were new variety fromthe level of DNA using RAPD marker Technology, which incliuded Shan E (Shanyou71), Shan G(radiation offspring of Shan E), TH (minke TA), TJ(radiation offspring of TH) and Quanhua7,proved preliminary the genetic distance of5peanut varieties from the level of DNA. Meanwhile,the experiment researched the difference in the way of physiological character, yield and qualitywith pot experiment, in order to provide reference for selecting good varieties with high peanutstem, kernel yield and better quality. The main results were as follow:1. Identification to new peanut varieties with radiationThe genetic distance of5peanut varieties among0.440to0.333, and the average was0.170.The genetic distance between Shan E and Shan G was0.330, which stated those difference atDNA level was obvious, all of that indicated Shan G as radiation product of Shan E was newbreed. The difference between Shan G and Shan E in the way of plant characteristics, output andquality was distinct, which proved ulteriorly the identification results by RAPD was reliable inbiological characteristics.The genetic distance between TH and TJ only reach0.080, and the difference at DNA levelwas small. Meanwhile, TJ didn't show obvious superiority relative to TH in biologicalcharacteristics, that coincided the identification results by RAPD.2. The difference of yield character among different peanut variety (strain)The peanut kernel and stem yield of Shan G exceed Shan E and Quanhua7in red loam, soShan G could be selected because of its high output in red loam while TJ had no obviousadvantage. The peanut strains with radiation had no obvious advantage in terms of peanut kerneland stem yield relative to their parents and Quanhua7.3. The difference of quality character among different peanut variety (strain) The peanut strain with radiation had lower content of peanut stem crude protein and crude fatthan their parents and Quanhua7. The nitrogen free extract content of Shan G exceed Shan E. Thecontent of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber in peanut stem were reasonable in sandyloam, but the content of others exceeded reasonable level except TH. The peanut stem quality ofpeanut strain with radiation had no superiority than their parents.Shan G had the highest O/L ratio among5peanut varieties (strain) in two kinds of soil, whichreached up to1.46. So Shan G could be popularized in red loam, which would be important toextend the shelf life of peanut. Moreover, in sandy loam the fat content of TJ was very high, theamino acid and its component content all exceeded Shan E.4. The difference of physiological character among different peanut variety (strain)The leaves' net photosynthetic rate, nitrate reductase activity and glutamine synthesis activityof5peanut variety (strain) decreased gradually along with the advancement of growth period intwo kinds of soil. In red soil, the net photosynthetic rate of Shan G overtoped Shan E dramaticllybegin with pegging stage. The leaves' nitrate reductase activity of radiation offspring were allbelow respective parent and control subject in two kinds of soil. In sandy loam the glutaminesynthesis activity of Shan G, TJ exceeded Shan E, TH respectively, but opposite conditionshappened in red soil. In two kinds of soil, the glutamate dehydrogenase activity of peanut leavesenhanced gradually on the whole, and Shan G's activity exceeded Shan E, but there was noobvious difference between TJ and TH. |
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