Conservation And Division Of Soil And Water Loss For Eco-water Transfer Small Atershed In The Water Source Area Of Beijing And Tianjin

This study was made for solving the problem appearing in the process of soil and waterconservation in the water source area of Beijing and Tianjin, also for remitting the status ofbeing short in water and heavy water pollution. So we came up with the idea that basing onthe small watershed the eco-water transfer small watershed was carried on in the water sourcearea of Beijing and Tianjin. Firstly, we must make the goal of soil and water conservation,regional industry and the development of economy clear. Secondly, we needed to divide thesmall watershed into three parts which were the eco-water transfer area, producing and livingarea and ecology and producing compound area. Thirdly, different measures of soil and waterconservation were used to protect the ecology of different area separately. And then thevirtuous circle of ecosystem could be established, and more clear water would be supplied.And the water and land would be better used; people and nature would be harmony; theecology and society of the small watershed would develop sustainable.Basing on the theory ofeco-water transfer small watershed, Dongbeigou small watershed as a representative site waschose to do the research.(1)The results showed that the database was established basing on the high definitionimage and DEM using GIS and RS technology, and the3D model was also established forDongbeigou small watershed; the survey of society and economy was done there, and theresult was managed with the Geodatabase in union.(2)After the analysis of ecological function' orientation, land suitability and soilerosion, the goals of ecological management, food security and soil and water conservationwere got. The ecological management goal was that Dongbeigou small watershed shouldprotect ecology and restore water; the goal of food security was that food product should meetthere own needs; the goal of soil and water conservation was that the management should belight in most place and heavy in some place.(3)Basing on the zoning index and zoning principle, Dongbeigou small watershed wasdivided into three zones which were the eco-water transfer area, producing and living area andecology and producing compound area. And the he eco-water transfer area was divided intotow sub-regions which were water collecting area and water transfer area; producing andliving area was also divided into tow sub-regions which were producing area and living area. And the area of eco-water transfer area was13.889km~2, accounting for71.66%of the totalarea, while the water collecting area accounted for71.08%and water transfer area0.58%; thearea of producing and living area was1.449km~2, accounting for7.47%of the total area, whilethe producing area a accounted for6.43%and living area1.04%; the area of ecology andproducing compound area was4.048km~2, accounting for20.87%.(4)The key measures of soil and water conservation were put forward which were usedin the region of serious and violent erosion, moderate and light erosion, high sand transferchannel and slope farmland, basing on the character of soil loss in the water source area ofBeijing and Tianjin. And the key measures were used in the three areas, accounting to thecharacter of them.