Study On Soil Characteristics At Different Ages Of Apple Garden Soil And Effect Of Biogas Application On Soil Physiochemical Properties

The soil is very important for the growth of apple trees. Involved in the biochemistrycycle, enzymes, physical and chemical properties,and microorganisms in the soil provide lotsof nutrition for the trees. The changes of the nutrients, microbes, and enzymes of different soilsample from land of5,10,15,20planting years' apple orchards are studied in this thesis. Thoseproperties are also studied through another experimental treatment of applying biogasfertilizer to the apple orchards of8planting years, and then the DNA of the of those soil areextracted by the Soil DNA Kit, afthe which, the16SrDNA gene are amplificanted with the341F-GC and758R primer. Then the Microbial diversity were analysed with the denaturinggradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technology.The results show that the urease, invertase, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activityincrease firstly and then decrease along with the increase of the apple orchard cultivation age.Generally, the activity comes to the maximum value at the10and15years. The soil enzymeactivity changes significantly except the alkaline phosphatase enzyme. The urease, invertase,and katalase enzyme activity increase after the different experimental treatment of applyingbiogas fertilizer, however, only the alkaline phosphatase enzyme's activity comes to themaximum value in the application of biogas slurry for two years, at the same time, the ureaseand katalase enzyme activity change significantly. The activity of the urease, invertase,katalase enzyme, and alkaline phosphatase enzyme decline along with the increase of age andchange significantly. As the apple orchard cultivation age increase, the content of availablePhosphorus, available potassium, Organic matter, and hydrolysable nitrogen increase indifferent fertilization period, and the the the content of available Phosphorus changessignificantly. However, the the content of available potassium changes significanty only at20planting years, and the content of Organic matter and hydrolysable nitrogen are almost thesame at5,10planting years, and15,20planting years as well, while the latter is more thanthe former. All of those physical and chemical properties decline along with the increase ofdepth, and change significantly. The DGGE spectrum between different samples show a gooddiversity after gel electrophoresis in the different planting years, and soil microorganism quantity of its has fallen with the increase of the depth, but the number of microorganismsincrease with the increase of the fertilization period, and its diversity does not changesignificantly.