Expession And Clinical Significance Of PDCD5 And Livin In Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

BackgroundChina has the highest morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer in the world. In the early 1990s, the population of death reasons retrospective survey shows that esophageal cancer mortality accounting for about 16.05% of tumor death causes and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is far more than adenocarcinoma. Now esophageal cancer is a serious problem still affecting people's health in our nation. Esophageal neoplasm does not have obvious clinical symptoms especially at its early stage. So it is hard to diagnose. The condition of most patients often have been in the late fall. So the treatment usually cannot produce desired effects. The survival rate within five years is less than 30%. Operations on patients of early mucosal carcinoma in situ can produce desirable effects with a survival rate of more than 70% within five years. Therefore, how to improve early diagnosis of esophageal cancer and the chemical therapy of the esophageal at its late stage becomes a big problem for clinicians. Tumor cells are notably characterized by its immortality. Therefore, the study on the death of tumor cells becomes a key to tumors research. Apoptosis is a caspase-mediated programmed cell death and an important way of cell death. Existing studies have shown that abnormal regulation of apoptosis is closely related with tumor's generation and development. Programmed cell death 5(PDCD5) and Livin are two apoptosis-related gene as they involved in the regulation of apoptosis. PDCD5 is a positive regulator of apoptosis genes. studies have shown that PDCD5 gene deletion are closely related with carcinoma formation. Livin is specifically expressed in tumor tissue. It's can binding directly with Caspases and inhibits apoptosis. Therefore, the study of the expression of PDCD5 and Livin expression in esophageal tissue can provide biological basis for the diagnosis of esophageal neoplasm.ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of PDCD5 and Livin in human ESCC and to evaluate their effects on carcinogenesis, cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, as well as their clinical significance.Methods1.78 cases of the ESCC and 43 cases of normal esophagealtissues were from the department of pathology of The first affiliated hospital of Zhengzhou University from Oct,2008 to Mar,2010. Immunostaining of PDCD5 and Livin in 78 cases of carcinoma tissue respectively, and 43 cases of normal tissue as control group.2. PDCD5 expresses in the immunohistochemistry showed positive staining as brown in the nucleus of cancer cells. Livin expresses in the immunohistochemistry showed positive staining as yellow to brown in the cytoplasm of cancer cells.3. Spss13.0 was used to analysis the data, chi-square was used to analysis the difference between case and contral group in PDCD5 and Livin respectively. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsThe expression of PDCD5 was obviously lower than that of Normal tissues, and the positive expression rate of Livin in ESCC was significantly higher than that in Normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression of PDCD5 was closely correlated with lymphnode metastasis and TNM stage of ESCC (P<0.05), but not correlated with sex, age and histological differentiation grade (P>0.05).The expression of Livin was closely correlated with TNM stage, histological differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis of ESCC (P<0.05), but not correlated with sex and age (P>0.05). The expression of PDCD5 was negatively correlated with the expression of Livin (r=-0.334,P<0.01).Conclusion1. The expression of PDCD5 is obviously lower than that of Normal tissues. The low expression of PDCD5 is closely related to TNM stage and lymphnode metastasis, It may play a important role in the occurrence and development of ESCC.2. The positive expression rate of Livin in ESCC was significantly higher than that in Normal tissues. The positive expression of Livin has closely related to TNM stage, pathological grades and lymphnode metastasis. It may be related to the development and malignant potential of ESCC.3. PDCD5 and Livin Can cooperate with in the occurrence and development of ESCC. They may benefits for diagnosis in ESCC.