Extraction And Antimicrobial Activity Of Volatile Oil Of Artemisa Annua L

Artemisia annua L is a member of Artemisia of Anthemideae in Composite, which is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine with high medicinal value. The character of this plant is bitter, pungent, subtle frigidity and with special fragrance. Artemisia annua L is used for medicine from ancient time in the fields of anti-malaria, anti-virus, anti-carcinoma, anti-arrhythmia as well as relieving summer heat. Volatile oil of Artemisia annua L is active component with pharmacological action of antibiosis, preventing asthma, relieving fever and stopping coughing. In this dissertation, volatile oil of Artemisia annua L was extracted by Soxhlet extraction and Direct distillation respectively. Further more, optimization condition of extraction was also studied. By comparing the antibacterial activity and GC-MS analyzing of volatile oil of Artemisia annua L extracted by those methods respectively, composition and relative amount of the volatile oil were identified. The results reveal:Optimization condition of Soxhlet extraction is:1:7.8 for ratio of sample to solution, and 3 hours for extraction time. Optimization condition of Direct distillation is:1:7.4 for ratio of sample to solution, and 5 hours for extraction time.Volatile oil of Artemisia annua L extracted by Soxhlet extraction is named Volatile oil-1, which is of powerful antibacterial activity against the strains to examine. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) are as fellow:Aspergillus niger 1.25%, Mycocentrospora sp.1.25%, Penicillium sp.5%, Penicillium. Marneffei 1.25%, Corynebacterium pekinense 2.5%, Bacillus subtilis 1.25%, Micrococcus tetragenus 2.5%, Proteus vulgaris 5%. The research result indicated that the activity of anti-fungus is much powerful than that of bacteriostasis in experiments of Volatile oil-1.Volatile oil of Artemisia annua L extracted by Direct extraction is named Volatile oil-2. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) are as fellow:Corynebacterium diphtheriae 0.23%, Bacillus subtilis 0.23%, Micrococcus tetragenus 0.059%, Proteus vulgaris 3.75%.Among the strains, bacteriostasis against micrococcus tetragenus is the most powerful. There is better bacteriostasis of Volatile oil-2 than that of Volatile oil-1.Through analysis of GC-MS data,55 peaks had isolated and 48 compounds had identified from Volatile oil-1,48 peaks had isolated and 39 compounds had identified from Volatile oil-2. The relative content of each component had been calculated. In Volatile oil-1, the main component are as fellow:alkenes 26.49%, alkanes 22.36%, pyrane and furan 28.05%, phenols 1.09%, eucalyptol 0.44%, ketones 1.42%, ethers 4.94%, organic acids 1.89%, thiazides 1.79%, to be identified components 11.31%. Among which, ketones, eterhs and organic acids are powerful in anti-fungus, which is 8.25% of the volume dose. Such data indicate the reason why Volatile oil-1 is much powerful in anti-fungus than that in bacteriostasis. In Volatile oil-2, the main components are as fellow:alkenes 65.42%, eucalyptol 1.73%, phenols 1.66%, alkanes 7.38%, ketones 0.14%, organic acids 0.17%, hydrocarbon 0.97%, alcohols 0.95%, cyclopentano 6.93%, aldehydes 0.49%, esters 5.58%, to be identified components 8.58%. Alkene is an important antibiosis component in Volatile oil of Artemisia annua L. There is better bacteriostasis of Volatile oil-2 than that of Volatile oil-1, which maybe caused by the differences of alkene content between two kinds of Volatile oil ofArtemisia annua L.