The Influence Of Framing Effects On The Trade-off Between Loss Aversion And Inequity Aversion In The Ultimatum Game

The ultimatum game is a fairly common paradigm, used by some disciplines, such as the psychology, economics, and so on. Many studies have shown that people's decision-making in social interaction will be affected by the fairness on events and the gains and losses of their interests. The influence on people's behavior by the loss of a variety of factors can not be ignored. In addition, if people violated some clear or accepted social rules, they will be given physical punishment or invisible pressure, and the emergence of such punishment and its discription may be uncertain, we found that there were few literatures about the punishment and the uncertainty of punishment and its discription differently affected on the behavior of people in the game by review.In this study, this were discussed by three experiments.The first ultimatum game experiment by adding different levels of penalties, and investigated the combined effect of loss aversion and unequity aversion on the decision-making behavior of subjects. In the second experiment by adding different levels of punishment probability, see how the factors of penalties and uncertainties will affect subjects'behave. In the third experiment by adding different description of the probability of punishment to study the difference of subjects'behavior under different probability of punishment and the framework of various descriptions on punishment.Research results found that the subjects are very sensitive to the factors of punishment, there are higher acceptance rate with punishment than without punishment, higher acceptance rate in high punitive punishment conditions than in low punitive punishment conditions. The lower probability of punishment,the higher acceptance rate, the uncertainty condition than the sure equivalently punishment condition, the subject's acceptance rates tendency will be increase, especially obvious in the high Punishment probability, the proposal is more unfair and imparti-al.,in the higher the probability of punishment, impartial fair proposal conditions, the subject's reaction time was significantly longer than the certainty of punishment on the equivalent condi-tions.There was no significant difference between the acceptance rate of the subjects in the posi-tive description and the acceptance rate of the subjects of the punishment described in the frame-work of the negative, that the framing effect was not observed., but in the higher probability of unpunishment, impartial and fair proposal conditions., subject's reaction time was significantly shorter than the equivalent conditions of penalties described in negative description.The overall results suggest that in human interaction considering adding punitive punishment have significant impact on the dicisions of actors, the acceptance rate will be higher;and adding the uncertainty of the punishment people's disision-making behavior become more "rational", in additional, allowing people enough time to consider disision of the game will avoid "non-rational".acttions of because of described differently on the situation.