The Development And Influencing Factors Of Children's Inequity Aversion Under Procedural Justice

Inequity aversion refers to aversion to unfair results,including disadvantageous inequity aversion and advantageous inequity aversion.The former refers to a negative reaction when the individual has less resources than others,while the latter refers to a negative reaction when the individual has more resources than others.In the process of interacting with others,children will face many fair situations.In previous studies,most of them focused on distributive justice,while most of the studies on individual cognition of procedural justice focused on adolescents,and mainly discussed their cognition of the fairness of rules and legal procedures.Furthermore,social relations are an indispensable part of human life.Therefore,this study takes procedural justice as the background to explore the differences in children's choice of fair procedures under two inequity conditions,as well as the influence of close relationship and social comparison on children's inequity aversion.In experiment 1,189 children aged 6,8 and 10 were selected as subjects.Forced selection paradigm was adopted to compare the decree of difference between children's choice of fair procedures under advantageous inequity and disadvantageous inequity conditions,and to explore the development of inequity aversion in children under procedural justice.The results show that:(1)Under the background of procedural justice,with the increase of children's age,children's disadvantageous inequity aversion is unchanged;advantageous inequity aversion gradually increases;(2)Children aged 6-10 years showed no obvious preference for procedural fairness.In experiment 2,a total of 189 children ased 6 years,8 years,and 10 years were selected as subjects.The forced selection paradigm was used.To compare the degree of difference of children's choice of fair procedure under advantageous inequity and disadvantageous inequity conditions when the close relationship is strangers,classmates and good friends respectively,so as to investigate the influence of close relationship on children's inequity aversion under procedural justice.The results showed that:(1)When the recipient object changed from a doll to a stranger,it only affected the 10-year-old children's choice of fair procedure.Under both unfair conditions,the favorable conditions were overcome and prosocial behaviors were displayed.(2)Close relationship only affects children's choices under advantageous inequity conditions.Children aged 6 and 10 years old show obvious prosocial behaviors towards their good friends.(3)8-year-old children are not significantly affected by the close relationship.6-year-old children will show obvious prosocial behavior towards their good friends.8 years old and 10 years old,and self-interested behavior will be reduced when facing good friends;(4)under the three close relationships,the number of selfish children decreases with age,while the number of fair and altruistic children increases.In experiment 3,a total of 189 children aged 6 years,8 years,and 10 years were selected as subjects.The forced selection paradigm was used.In order to investigate the influence of social comparison on children's inequity aversion under procedural justice,we compare the degree of difference between children's choice of fair procedure under advantageous inequity and disadvantageous inequity conditions when the social comparison is upward social comparison,parallel social comparison and downward social comparison.The results show that:(1)The type of social comparison has a significant impact on children's choice of fair procedure under two unfair conditions;(2)Children of different ages have significant differences in the choice of fair procedures under the two unfair conditions;(3)Upward social comparison will increase the self-interested behaviors of children aged 8 ana 10,while downward social comparison will promote the altruistic behaviors of children of three ages.According to the above results,the following conclusions can be drawn:(1)In the context of procedural justice,the developlent characteristics of children's inequity aversion are as follows:as children urow older,children's disadvantageous inequity aversion gradually decreases,and their advantageous inequity aversion gradually increases.Children aged 6-10 years showed no significant procedural justice preference.(2)When have social impact,10 years old children began to appear obvious procedural justice preference.When close relationship as a good friend to promote children's prosocial behavior,children as young as eight but always focus on procedural justice.The upward social comparison increases 8 and 10 years old children's selfish behavior and downward social comparison promotes three age children's altruistic behavior.