The Study For Oversea Chinese In Philippines After Longqing Opening In The Ming Dynasty

The immigration from China to Philippines is a large and long-term influential social issue, in the Ming and Qing international relationship history.The thesis does deep research in various problems brought by the immigration by the study for overseas Chinese in Philipines after LongQing Open in the Ming Dynasty.According to the content,the thesis is devided into 7 parts as follows:1. Instruction. General narration for the related historical material used in the thesis and review on the academic development for the related tasks.On the basis of which, presents the reason and significance for choosing this topic.Meanwhile, the object and scale of study, the related concept and main innovation are instructed necessarily in this part.2. ChapterⅠreviews the communication between China and Philippines before LongQing Open.According to the written history,the first communication between China and Philippines appeared in the Song Dynasty. So this charpter describes the communication between China and Philippines in the Song and Yuan dynasty on the basis of related historical material.As to the deficiency of original historical data, this charpter focuses on different opinions from the scholar predecessor in the study of origin of the communication between China and Philippines.3. CharpterⅡdescribes the situation and reason for the population increasing of overseas Chinese in Pilippines after LongQing Open. Regarding the record of foreign histerical material, this charpter focuses the main point on the study of the changing circumstance in the Manila city and the surrounded Philippine overseas Chinese from LongQing Open to the late of Ming dynasty. Considering the situation at both domestic and overseas of Ming dynasty at that time,this charpter convinces that the reason for the population increasing of Philipine overseas Chinese includes the domestic and overseas two aspects.Comparing with the much more open social background in the Song and yuan dynasty,the opportunity brought by spanish is the main reason for population increasing of Philipine overseas Chinese after LongQing Open.4. CharpterⅢinstructs the series of social reaction brought by population increasing of philipine overseas Chinese,surrounded the fact of population increasing.The overseas Chinese do business,hand-working and agriculture in Philipines.Which supplied rich life service for the Philipine residents and changed the original features of Philippines. Having a hand in the construction by philippine overseas Chinese,Marila became the commercial centre of Southeast Asia and insteaded of Goa in India in the late of 16th century.The immgrant brought oversea crops back to China, which changed Chinese orginal grain structure, riched the normal diet habit and made the significant contribution for the China population increasing in 17th and 18th century.Abundance of silver inflowed into China,which changed the apprearance of sliver scarcity since the early of Ming dynasty,confirmed the silver currency,set up the silver standard, so that supplied the substance fundation for ZhangJuzheng Reformation. Abundance of silver inflowed into China,that drove the brisk of China commercial fund and the growing of commercial town,pushed to change the concept of doing business,and, improved the level of paper salary,in the relationship of government and commercial employment.Exceptly, the thesis also discusses the topics on the jobmobility and faggotry in the mixture between immgrants and aboriginals,when the Chinese immigrated into Philippines.5. According to the ChapterⅣ, there are some changes on the policies to oversea Chinese in Philippines since the Longqing Openat the late of Ming dynasty. Due to increasing population in Manila by the Philippine commercial development and the Spanish colony governing to Manila, the involuntary servitude and tax of the food to the Philippine natives by Philippine Colonial authorities and the Silver drain from Philippines, those issues are frequently imput to the trading of oversea Chinese by the Spanish colonists. In order to save the governing in danger, they take a series of restricted policies and frequent banishments, even bloody massacres to the oversea Chinese.6. ChapterⅤselect the three events which affected the Sino-Philippines relationship. The Linfeng Event, the Panhewu Event and the Spanish massacre Oversea Chinese in 1603-Those events concentrated reflection of the Ming government's attitude to Philippine discrimination against the Oversea Chinese since the LongQing Open. In the Linfeng Event, the overweening Ming government and Spanish fight in collusion with each other to kill the Oversea Chinese. From the solution of the Linfeng Event, the corruption behavior of Chinese officials, headed by Wangwanggao, was violently despised by Spanish. After the Panhewu Event, to the Philippine banishment to Oversea Chinese. The Ming government's movement dispatchs officials to Philippines to recall back 3,000 oversea Chinese shows valuable support to oversea Chinese. In the event which the Spanish massacre to Oversea Chinese in 1603, the Ming government treated the oversea Chinese as ignoble abandoned people and paid no attention to the massacre to Chinese, exposing the Ming government's ignorance and less-developed during the Ocean Explore times. Those ideas were far-reaching influence. The Qing dynasty Inherite the Ming government's the abandoned people concept. In following hunderd years, the Chinese governments paid no attention to 'abandoned people'. The Ming governmnet set the stage for oversea Chinese tragedies in the oversea development history.7. Conclusion:subject to all paragraphs, the thesis sums up all-round conclusion to the above main points.