The Research To Chinese-transportation Policy Development Since The Beginning Of "Opening-door Policy" (1979-)

Transportation industry is one important part of national economy, playing a basic, vanguard and service role in national economy. It is the basic condition for the normal and harmonious development of economy and society. Highway transportation is an important part of the comprehensive system of transportation industry. The level of its development can directly restrict the efficiency of the overall transportation industry and influence the speed and conditions of economic and social development. After Chinese economic reform, highway transportation, one of the five transportation means—highway transportation, railway transportation, waterway transportation, civil aviation transportation and pipeline transport, is irreplaceable to national economy compared with the other four transportation means. It accelerates the development of Chinese socialist modernization, raises the quality of going out by the masses and improves people's lives. By contraries, the fast development of economy and society also demands more and more from highway transportation in the fields of transport ability and service. As one important part of national macro-economic policy, the highway-transportation policy regulates the interest relationships among all kinds of economic bodies participating in the activities of highway transportation and guarantees, from the fields of system and mechanism, the continuable development of highway transportation. So to deeply research the highway-transportation policy has not only theoretical value but also profound practice value.This thesis, from the diachronic and synchronous views, analyses the development processes of present highway transportation under the large historical background of Chinese highway transportation development. It contains seven parts, i.e. introduction, chapter one, chapter two, chapter three, chapter four, chapter five and conclusion.In introduction part, it firstly confines several definitions, namely, highway transportation, road transportation, the management of road transportation, the management of highway transportation, transportation policy, etc... Then it analyses the value of studying highway-transportation policy from historical view. It expands the present main academic achievements and their shortcomings on highway-transportation policies, puts forward my studying format, talks about merits and demerits of this thesis as well.In chapter one, it is divided into two periods, namely, the period of from Republic of China to the People's Republic of China, the period of from the People's Republic of China to Chinese economic reform. It looks back on the development of highway-transportation policies before Chinese economic reform, and discusses the gains and losses of their formulating and application.In chapter two, it introduces the historical conditions during the period of marketization process (1979-1991). It expands the contents and applications of the policies during this period and their influences on the road transport and national economy from the fields of overall opening of market access, overall reform of transportation enterprises, and briefly analyses their effects and shortages.In chapter three, it introduces the background of formulating and applying highway-transportation policies during the newly-formulated period of socialist market economy (1992-2002). From the fields of enterprises changing their managerial mechanism and carrying out shareholding reform, strict market access, optimization-centered transportation structural adjustment, overall market regulations and so on, it explains the contents and applying countermeasures of the highway-transportation polices during this period and analyses their influences on road transport and even the economic and social development. At last, it briefly evaluates the effects of the policies during this period.In chapter four, it presents the social backgrounds of the adjustment of highway-transportation policies during the improving period of market economy (from 2003 up to now). From the fields of the overall consideration of market access and quitting mechanism, multidirectional and deep adjustment of transportation structure, concepts and countermeasures of market regulation and so on, it discusses the contents and applying countermeasures of the highway-transportation polices during this period and analyses their influences on road transport and even the society. And it makes a short conclusion on the effects of the policies.In chapter five, it concludes the development characteristics of all kinds of highway-transportation policies after reform and opening, summarizes the main experience and lessons during the formulating and applying modern highway-transportation policies. And based on the facts of this industry development, it discusses the probable tendency of highway-transportation policies in the following ten or twenty years.In conclusion part, it widely analyses the characteristics of the development of the policies and sum up, based on the gains and losses of their applications, a series of conclusions:the following ten or twenty years is the key period of forming a higher-level affluent society which can be benefited by over one billion Chinese, is an important stage of building prosperous, democratic, civilized and harmonious socialist modernized country, and is much more improved period of market economic mechanism; under the condition of market economy, industry legality building must focus on the integrity, the forward looking and operability; based on the improvement of legality building, highway-transportation policies should pay much more attentions on their scientificalness and systematicness; in road-transport regulating, the three means of administration, economy and laws are inseparably interconnected; how to fulfill scientific adjustment should be one of the cores of policy improvement in the future; in order to deal with the shortages of present highway-transportation policies, not only the sectors of road-transport regulation should change their concepts, but also the different-level governments and administrative sectors of transportation regulation change their concepts, they should plan transportation infrastructure construction and the development of transportation industry as a whole, scientifically build a comprehensive system of transportation industry and develop the road transport industry scientifically.