The Research Of Dong Qian In Qing Dynasty

There are about three kinds of money in Qing dynasty:silver, coin and note. The silver in circulation continues to expand since mid-late period of Ming dynasty. Except during the Shunzhi and Xianfeng period, the government issued a few notes. Paper currency is circulated in abundance from mid-late period of Ming dynasty. The coin money is minted by the Qing government totally, and related regulations are made about the form of casting, the weight and qualityThe dominators in Qing dynasty pay more attention to Fengtian, in early years of Shunzhi, the bureau of mint was set in Fengtian, but was eliminated soon, and then there was no bureau of mint until Guangxu twenty years. Therefore the law about money enforced in Fengtian is a topic deserves to pay attention and research.Dongqian was circulated in Fengtian during Qing dynasty, different researchers have different opinions about the definition of Dongqian, so the article will focus on what Dongqian is. Through lots of related data, the article shows that there were three kinds of form of Dongqian. Even though the historical data do not show the relationship of this three kinds directly, we can see the three forms existed in a roughly chronological order or maybe coexistence sometimes by analyzing.Dongqian was not only circulated in Fengtian, but also in Zhili, Mongolia, Jilin and other places. After reading records and related archival materials about Zhili, Mongolia and northeast China, the author verifies the circulation districts of Dongqian in Qing dynasty carefully.By verifying the definition and the circulation districts of Dongqian in Qing dynasty, the article will focus on the analysis of the change of the price ratio between silver and Dongqian. Through the analysis during Qianlong to Guangxu, we can see how the price ratio fluctuated and how the government adjusted it in complying with the market rules. Through the textual criticism about the law of Dongqian, we are able to analyze the money law in north and northeast China, mainly in Fengtian, which corrects the current research in this field as well, especially the research of the price ratio fills the gaps in this field.On the analysis, the author uesd lots of local records and related archival materials, especially memorial to the throne. In a detailed analysis and sorting of these data, the author made some tables to show the issues to be discussed.