Sino-Russian Rhubarb Trade Of The Qing Dynasty

In the Qing Dynasty, rhubarb is an important medicine in China. Its foreign trade in the Qing Dynasty plays an important role. Especially in the early Qing Dynasty, because the world market demand pull rhubarb and the development of rhubarb production, rapid expansion of exports of rhubarb into the core product of Western trade commodities and access to the huge profits. Rhubarb trade have a positive impact to develop its production and improving transportation, active in the financial, economic prosperity and so on. In 1786-1792 years, close the Kyakhta market in China and Russia trade market, the Qing Dynasty implemented various measures to ban rhubarb. Control at the national border trade made significant role, which is the concept of how to Business the Foreign Countries by rhubarb development of the system had a huge impact. Rhubarb the barbarians flourished during the "Opium War", and then it boom-bust. During the Opium War, the failure of Rhubarb Trade and Tea Trade to the barbarians is promoted this concept of external overall decline. After the period of five trade, the Qing government practice rhubarb barbarians appearance from time to time. To the Xianfeng period, the practice of rhubarb barbarians no longer fit the needs of the new situation, and then it is completely irreversible decline.This paper describes the system to business the foreign countries ins and outs from Rhubarb Trade of the Qing Dynasty. Reveals the different periods of rhubarb barbarians view the link between the contact and different. Paper focuses on the Kyakhta market in China and Russia trade market. It describes the reign of Emperor Qianlong three closed-door trade links with the rhubarb and constraints, and trade developments of the twists and turns. Practice in the rhubarb to Russia, the Qing government in order to ban the fur trade to prohibit rhubarb. To analyze the linkage of which reflect the interests of the association. Interpretation of rhubarb system Evolution of the Idea of the barbarians had a huge impact. First, strengthen the significance of rhubarb for Russia. Firmly believe that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty and Russia have the concept of rhubarb, and the necessity for suppression of the power. Secondly, from the practice of land rhubarb system extended to sea barbarian rhubarb trade restrictions, there have been multiple evolutionary pattern, and gradually formed a comprehensive idea of controlling foreigners rhubarb. Again, under the influence of Qianlong ban rhubarb, rhubarb system to promote the development and popularization of the concept of barbarians. Qianlong's ban on the rhubarb, rhubarb controlling foreigners not only from the original concept of a comprehensive spread to northwest China's coastal provinces, but also the development of rhubarb the barbarians "Rhubarb and Tea Business Countries" concept.This study suggests that the ban on trade through a series of events in-depth analysis. Rhubarb can be seen that restrict trade embargo and other events are not fur from a simple commercial disputes arising from it also involves a political conflict between China and Russia. Analysis of the Qing court, local officials and foreign businessmen to "Trade Friction" attitude of the event, you can see the Qing Dynasty's foreign trade management and the relationship between foreign trade. Then analyze the extent of foreign trade is considerable for the constraints of politics. Although the two trade ports of Guangzhou and Kyakhta thousands of miles away, but they implicated each other. This article also from the perspective of demand and supply, the use of border trade between the theory of demand theory and H-O theory, trade practices, the Qing Dynasty China and Russia rhubarb interference in the absence of external forces, the bilateral trade between each other followed by demand theory and the theory of resource endowments, thus revealing the Qing Dynasty in China-Russia trade rhubarb deep internal and hidden motives, and its various implications, and make the appropriate evaluation.