The Choice Of Heir-The Same Puzzle Of The Outstanding Emperors In Chinese History

In the 2000-year Chinese imperial history, the alteration of royal sovereign is always a sensitive and eye-catching incident, to which many emperors paid much attention. During these changes, countless royal families was divided because of the struggle for the highest power. If we study the history seriously, we can find an interesting and regular phenomenon:comparing ordinary emperors in Chinese history, the outstanding emperors found it more difficult to choose an heir, and nearly all the first heirs of their can not succeed the power except a few lucky dogs. We seem to get a positive conclusion:although these outstanding emperors have got astonishing political and military achievements, they seemed very awkward when handling their family affairs and getting well along with their heirs. These emperors, including Ying Zheng of Qin dynasty, Liu Bang, Liu Che and Liu Xiu of Han dynasty, Yang Jian of Sui dynasty, Li Yuan, I. i Shimin and Li Longji of Tang dynasty, Zhao Kuangying of Song dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di of Ming dynasty, Xuanye and Hongli of Qing dynasty, are very popular with Chinese. If we have to divide more than 300 emperors in Chinese into several ranks, the above mentioned absolutely belong to the first rank. But surprisingly, all these famous emperors have had faced with a same puzzler: they have made big mistakes to choose their heirs.The first part of this article is to introduce the study purpose, meaning and creativity of this thesis, also to explain the inner contents and standards of outstanding emperor. The second part is to introduce the misfortunes and frustrations that these excellent emperors have experienced during the process to choose heirs. The third part is to demonstrate why these emperors cannot deal with this problem harmoniously. The fourth part is to conclude the serious aftermath of the emperors'mistakes. The last part is conclusion, to point out the realistic meaning of my study, to discuss how to cooperate with our leaders and establish a harmonious working relation in real life.