| The rural economical reform and Family joint production contract responsibility system was positively carried out in Henan province in 1980s, and the result was a great success. But at the same time, a large amount of surplus labor in the rural area was still a big problem for them to face. The reason was as follows:(one) Henan is situated at area south of Yellow River fertile plain, the cultivation agriculture is always developed, the dense population, small peasant economy's influence, the rural population's natural rapid increase, all of these cause that the history carry-over's population base is very big and the rural labor force cannot be digested completely in the agricultural interior. As a result of the city and countryside separation's dual household register system and the necessary system's impediment and the control, the surplus rural labor force produced by the state according to fixed quotes was unable to be shift to the cities and the non-agricultural areas, and created the massive backlogs. In the countryside many people and little land contradiction was prominent. This question hid by the planned economy system for a long time, along with rural reform's advance, day by day had been once prominent. (two) The pre-liberation industry foundation was very weak in Henan. After the founding of the nation, under the party's leading, the implementation of strategy giving priority to the industry and the cities, caused city and countryside disparity enlarging. In 1958 the city and countryside separation's dual society system's construction had further enlarged the city and countryside disparity. After the reform and open policy, cities economic development was fast, this both further enlarged the city and countryside disparity and forms the labor force demand. At this time, the rural reform entrusts with the farmer management and the motion freedom, therefore rural labor force began shifting to cities.In the 1980s, under reform and open policy situation, in order to speed up this province economic society's development and guide the surplus rural labor force to shift to the cities with steady steps and order, while speeds up the industry and the town construction, the Henan All levels of the government under Central authorities' instruction, released each kind of policies and measures. Through the recruiting of workers, the temporary worker's being put on regular status, the extinct specie's being put on regular status, the direct urbanization, to enter a higher school, the enlistment, to replace a retiring parent and so on channels, caused the partial surplus rural labor force to obtain the cities registered permanent address and the suitable work, thus has realized truly the shift to cities. (one)From 1979 to 1980, the reform and open policy had just started in Henan province, the cities population awaiting employment and those returning to the city educated youth' s employment duty was very big. The countryside still occupied under the planned economy system, the farmer had not obtained the status and the management freedom. At this time the way of those surplus rural labor force shifting to cities besides the recruiting of workers, replaces a retiring parent, the enlistment, to enter a higher school, the marriage to move and so on so-called narrow winding path, was left over the temporary worker's being put on regular status, carrying out the intellectual policy and so on several ways, therefore the surplus rural labor force's shifting to cities was still in the initial stage. (two) From 1981 to 1990 , the reform and open policy sped up in Henan, became less crowded to the countryside surplus labor control, although the national strict control and cleaned up outside the plan to the countryside direct solicitation to employ labor earnestly, but each kind of guidance rural labor force appeared one after another to the cities shift's special policy, symbolic was each kind the urbanization , involved the stratification plane was broad, shifting rural labor force quantity was big, affected in a big way. The above policy's implementation had urged large quantities of rural labor force to shift the cities, simultaneously, outside the policy also had the very major partial rural labor force, which entered a city to work on own initiative, forms the popular uprising. Although the labors for the industry and the cities development output perspiration, actually the farmer, were the concurrently industry farmers, did not enjoy township dwellers' welfare treatment, had not shifted the cities truly.In brief, in the 1980s, the surplus rural labor force in Henan under government's leadership and policy influence, although shift slowly to the cities, which was following the industry and the cities development not synchronization and city and countryside disparity gradual enlarging, but, its significance was very big, (one)It was advantageous to farmer additionally receiving and the rural economy development, and it also alleviated the rural labor force surplus pressure, reduced the city and countryside disparity; (two) It avoid the big society shaking with Western urban sickness' s repeating, and it was advantageous in the industrialization and the urbanization development and the whole synthesis strength promotion too; (three)It will be advantageous to the future harmonious society's construction. |
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