The Research On Science And Technology Policy In The Early Period Of New China In The Horizon Of Science And Technology Culture (1949-1955)

This paper is devoting to make an integrated and systematic research about science and technology policy during the specific period of 1949 to 1955 within a theoretical frame of cultural view of science and technology, starting from its culture source. Based on the analysis of not only the background in which science and technology policy and culture are formulated but also the main science and technology policy and its efficiency in early period of new China, the research is searching for the character and orientation of science and technology policy on the level of culture of science and technology. Furthermore, it could also analyze what directive function the culture view of science and technology can make to the development of science and technology policy. Therefore, this paper includes two clues as science and technology policy in early period of new China and the formulation and development of culture view of science and technology respectively.This paper, from the view of structure, consists of three parts, including introduction, main text and conclusions. The introduction part, firstly, introduces the research situation, the research methods, difficulties and innovations in research and the definition of concepts in this paper.The main text includes three parts. The first part or the first chapter introduces the background in which science and technology policy and culture are formulated in the early period of new China. The second part or the second chapter tells the main science and technology policy and its efficiency in early period of new China. The third part which is made up of the third, the fourth and the fifth chapters, tries to find out the character and orientation of science and technology policy in the period of 1949 to 1955 on the level of science and technology culture.Firstly, "The background in which science and technology policy and culture are formulated in the early period of new China" is the first part to introduce the science and technology situation before the new China was established, as well as the science and technology policy and cultural view of Communist Party in China before the new China was established, The situation of economy and society in the early period of new China.Secondly, "The main science and technology policy and its efficiency in early period of new China" is in the second part including the following parts: the establishment of general policy of developing science and technology, the establishment of science and technology developing direction of learning from the Soviet Union, the establishment of scientific research institutions, the generalized organization of science and technology groups, the absorption of science and technology talents and the publication of science and technology reward regulations, as well as the promotion of developing science and technology education.The third part, including the third, the fourth and the fifth chapters, adopts the cultural view of science and technology as a main clue to analyze the character and orientation of science and technology policy. The third chapter analyzes of the orientation of science and technology policy under the guidance of science and technology cultural view with a political inclination. The fourth chapter analyzes of the orientation of science and technology policy under the guidance of the view of Sinicization of science. The fifth chapter analyzes the orientation of science and technology policy under the guidance of the view of popularization of science.Last, the conclusions summarize the paper and also give an outlook about the following researches.