| Wetland has high biological productivity and huge potential for resource and environment features and assembly of biological diversity and threatened species. Wetland is rich in fauna and flora resources, not only large living species of plants, but also live in resource-rich wildlife. Wetland eco-systems for all kinds of birds, amphibians, reptiles, fish and other aquatic organisms provide habitats. With the rapid socio-economic development, growing contradiction between population, resources, environment, protection and rational utilization of the wetland ecosystem in wetland resources have become the common needs of human existence. Therefore, research, conservation and sustainable development of wetland ecosystems, has been widespread concern for the world.Wetlands of Heilongjiang province due to people’s lack of awareness of wetland protection, production and the life of the human activity caused varying degrees of damage to wetland resources, especially in the last several decades, with the increase of agricultural development and widespread use of heavy machinery, the deep tentacles deep into wetland for agricultural development. Large areas of wetland reclamation of farmland, reducing wetland ecological benefit, is bound to cause river pollution, flash floods, soil erosion and sand-dust weather frequency, to humans and cause significant loss of life. Currently, wetland conservation and restoration in the Heilongjiang work have caused increasingly wide attention, and orderly conduct. But for wetland ecological health in the absence of a system of assessment, but also lack of quantitative data reflect, for wetland conservation and restoration work is often lack of scientific and effective guidance. Therefore, wetland health evaluation is a must. This study used analytic hierarchy process, The evaluation index is very healthy, healthy, less healthy, general morbid, disease. At the same time will protect the health of a security zone-warning zone, danger zone three. This set a security zone for more than0.65, warning zone (0.55-0.65), hazardous area is0.55. The study sample, the sample line and method of combination of samples, methods of social investigation, through the Zhalong nature reserve, in Honghe nature reserve and Xingkai Lake reserve system survey, analysis of influence factor of affecting the health status of wetland in Heilongjiang, on all three wetland ecosystem health evaluation and analysis of its causes, obtained the following results:Xingkai Lake wetland health state in the health state protected areas, and health in Honghe nature reserve wetland of Zhalong reserve is in a warning state. Honghe and all sorts of Zhalong nature reserve there is a very serious problem, is that water resources in reducing the reserve, resulting in protected areas biodiversity decline. This problem is not solved, that would affect the sustainable development of wetlands, and even survival. People for financial gain in the Zhalong nature reserve, excessive harvesting of reeds, serious destruction of wildlife habitats within the reserve, the Habitat of a large number of water birds have lost their live in hidden conditions; and surrounding residents of excessive fishing in the protected areas, habitats within the reserve of birds, especially cherish the cranes in decline in food, leading to reduced species diversity. Wetland in Honghe nature reserve there is a lot of State farm land, private open to serious. These are negative factors restricting Zhalong wetland in Honghe nature reserve. Social policy and environmental indicators of Xingkai Lake reserve in the critical range of edge. For fishing in protected areas within which the local population, reclaimed farmland phenomena such as phase, if not solve these problems, is bound to have an impact on the development of protected areas, require more attention. |
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