Research On Synthesis And Application Of Green Non-phosphorous Detergent Builders

For a long term, sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) had been widely used in synthetic detergent industry because of its good detergent properties and the cost-effectiveness. However, phosphates are excellent fertilizers for algae, bacteria, and other flora and fauna in rivers, lakes and oceans, making them bloom at very rapid rates, exhausting the oxygen supply both at the surface and in the bottom layers of water bodies and killing fish. This phenomenon so-called eutrophication, has led to international agreements aimed at banning or limiting phosphate use in detergents. PKSA as a non-nitrogen and non-phosphors biodegradable polymer exhibits good calcium and magnesium ion sequestration capacity and good buffer capacity, which can be used in detergent industry. Research has shown that the introduction of sulfonic group with a strong electrolytic capacity into PKSA molecule simultaneously enhance the dispersing power. In the hope of improving the detergent properties especially the dispersing power of the PHSA, in the study, sulfonic group was incorporated into the PL-ISA.Maleic anhydride(MA) as raw material, sodium tungstate as catalyst, hydrogen peroxide as oxidation were applied in the synthesis of disodium cis-epoxysuccinate. The molecule structure was characterized by IR and1H NMR. Then calcium hydroxide as initiator was applied in the synthesis of PKSA through solution polymerizing. The influence of different technics on detergent properties had been discussed in the paper. The optimized technological conditions were the reaction temperature90°C, the reaction time6h, the mass content of Ca(OH)24%. The calcium binding capacity and dispersing power were respectively367.5mg CaCO3/g and112.8mg CaCO3/g.In order to improve the dispersing power of the PKSA, the copolymers were copolymerized by2,3-oxiranernethane sulfonic acid sodium and disodium cis-epoxysuccinate. First, epoxy chloropropane was oxidized with sodium hydrosulfite to synthesize3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonic acid sodium, then2,3-oxiranernethane sulfonic acid sodium was synthesized by3-chloro-2-hydroxypropylsulfonic acid sodium and sodium hydroxide, in the last, the copolymers were copolymerized by disodium cis-epoxysuccinate and2,3-oxiranernethane sulfonic acid sodium in the presence of Ca(OH)2. The influence of different technics on detergent properties had been discussed in the paper. The optimized technological conditions were the molar ration of disodium cis-epoxysuccinate and2,3-oxiranernethane sulfonic acid sodium (2:1), the reaction temperature90℃, the reaction time7h, and the mass content of Ca(OH)25%. The calcium binding capacity and dispersing power were respectively332.2mg CaCO3/g and130.4mg CaCO3/g. compared with PESA, the dispersing power of the copolymers were increased significantly.The structures and molecular weight were characterized by IR、1H NMR、Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC). The results demonstrated that copolymers underwent ring-opening polymerization which have oxygen atom in the backbone chain and carboxyl and sulfonic group as pendant functional groups. The crystallization of the copolymers was tested by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and results showed that the copolymers were amorphous and these copolymers may have good biodegradable performance.The biodegradability of the copolymers was studied by Shaking-Bottle Incubating Test. It was found that the copolymers had good detergent properties and biodegradability. The biodegradability was above60%at28days, which was environmental biodegradable detergent builder.