Research On The Parking System Efficiency Of Central Business Districts

In central business district, there are the highest land prices and the highest density ofpeople, vehicles and duildings of a city, so it is hard to add parking spaces and efficientuse of parking system in CBD is particularly important. In order to get optimal resultsfrom the limited available parking resources, it is necessary to consider the benefits ofplanners, users, and operators, which include meeting the parking demands, no negativeeffect for regional dynamic traffic, enlarging people’s travelling efficiency, and ensuringoprators’ economic benifets. This analysis is based on the system efficiency optimization.Because the characteristics of the parking location, numbers of parking spaces, parkingbehavior, and managing efficiency are different from those of normal city regions, theelements which affect the optimization of parking system efficiency in CBD is differenttoo. To sum up, this research has it’s valuable points.After analyze the characteristics of parking demands in CBD and the elements whichinfluence them, this thesis summarizes the parking demand forecasting models used indomestic and foreign countries and gives introduction of measures for controlling off-roadparking spaces supply and demands in CBD. What is more, based on parking behaviorsurvey, this thesis builds it’s analysis model and analyze the impact of managing measureson parking system efficiency specificly. Finally, we get the constraint model of off-roadparking system efficiency with multiple optimization targets, and gives specific algorithmsand calculation steps for long time parking and short time parking in this thesis.The main point of this thesis is building the constraint model of parking systemefficiency with multiple optimization targets considering the benefits of parking systemplanners, users and operators. The former mainly includes the research of regional parkingdemands forecasting and control, building models for the influence of travelling time andparking prices on travelling efficiency of individual travelers, and for analyzing operators’economic benefits when investment can be recovered. The later is to choose the mainindicators which reflect the sub-goals of the mentioned people to pursue the optimal off-road parking system efficiency in CBD after analyzing the importance of eachindicators of their sub-goals, and build the constraint model of parking system efficiencywith multiple optimization targets. And this thesis finds that parking prices have a greaterinfluence on long time parking behavior, while walking distance and parking prices affectshort time parking behavior at the same time. At the end, a region in midtown ofManhattan Central Business District is taken to be the example of calculation to use themethod researched in this thesis.