Analysis On Dynamical Effective Components Of Glycyrrhiza Uralensis Fisch.

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) is an important medicinal plants, and also plays a very significant role in many industries such as food, cosmetics, light industry, petroleum ect. Meanwhile licorice is the important sand-fixation plant in western areas of China. Recently, with the increasing demand of licorice and the shortage of wild licorice resources, the cultivated licorice has been the important source of licorice crude materials. So it is necessary to research licorice effective compounds content dynamic changes to supply scientific directions for field cultivation measures mend and improve the quality of cultivation products to meet the market demand.This study used the 3-year cultivated licorice as the experimental materials from Zhangbei county. The content of glycyrrhizin, liquiritin, isoliquiritigenin were measured by HPLC, the distribution of components and variation laws were analyzed, also the correlation analysis between agronomic traits and effective components content were conducted. The main results were as follows:1. Established HPLC measuring method of different effective components content, the regression equations respectively were:Glycyrrhizin: Y=4.62×10~7X+22.57, r=0.9993;Liquiritin: Y=2.09×10~8X﹣25446.26, r=0.9996;Isoliquiritigenin: Y=1.27×10~8X﹣2949507.8, r=0.9992.2. There were certain correlation relations between the investigated agronomic characters: The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlation relation between the following agronomic characters, between sprout number and root weight and root diameter; between plant height and root weight and root branch, between root weight and plant diameter, between root branch and root weight and root diameter. Also there were extremely significant positive correlation between plant height and plant diameter, between root weight and root diameter. There were certain correlation relations between agronomic characters and effective components content. For example, extremely significant positive correlation relations between glycyrrhizin content and plant diameter and root diameter and root weight. Also significant positive correlation relation between isoliquiritigenin content and sprout.3. The content of glycyrrhizin in the underground organs waved rise during the growing period, the content highest in October. The content of overground part varied stably during the whole growth period. The content of liquiritin in licorice underground organs showed go up-go down-rise again-reduce again trend during the whole developing period. The two accumulation peaks of liquritin content were showed at the early flowering stage and the fruit ripening stage separately, especially at the early flowering stage the liquritin content reached the highest peak. However, the content in licorice stems and leaves showed go up-go down trend, and reached the highest peak at the florescence phase. The content of isoliquiritigenin in licorice underground organs and overground organs showed double peaks. The two accumulation peaks of isoliquiritigenin content in licorice underground organs were showed at the early flowering stage and the fruit ripening stage separately, especially at the fruit ripening stage the isoliquiritigenin content was the highest, and lowest in wither period. However, the content in licorice stems and leaves were abundant in the florescence stage and the fruit ripening stage, and highest in the florescence stage and lowest in the fruit development stage.4. The result showed that the accumulation regularity of flavones elements in the underground organs and the aboveground organs presented as one falls while the other rises. The early flowering stage and the fruit ripening stage were the two peak periods for accumulation of flavones elements in roots and lowest at the florescence stage. However, the accumulations of flavones elements in stems and leaves were highest at the florescence stage and lowest at the early flowering stage and the fruit ripening stage. Comprehensively considering the dynamic change law of different effective component contents, this research confirmed the optimum harvest time of licorice was autumn.