| At present, the low yield and declining sugar content of beet have been an obstacle in the sugar beet industry in Heilongjiang and China. In addition to the slow progress of beet breeding, unreasonable fertilizer application is the main reason for the problem. Therefore, we conduct the fertilizer experiments in93Institute of Agricultural Science from2009to2010. The leading beet variety KWS3418was selected in this trail. The plan of "3414"fertilizer effect experiment recommended by the project of prescription fertilizer was employed, which contain3factors and4levels. The function of N, P and K was simulated according to the yield, to confirm the proper dosage and proportion of fertilizer of beet. Meanwhile, we determined the sugar content, the content of K+, Na+and a-N, to analyze the nutrients and the effect of their interaction on the beet yield. The laws of dry matter accumulation and distribution in different growth stages and different organs were also discussed. The project was to provide theoretical references for the balanced fertilization and efficient utilization of manure of beet production. The main results are followed:1) The combination of N, P and K improved the beet yield significantly, in which the N2P2K2treatment reached the highest sugar content. The ranking of increasing production of the three factors is N>P>K, which increased by56%,13.51%and10.64%, respectively. The change discipline of different treatments was:PK>NK>NP>CK. There is some interaction among the N, P and K, the combined usage can raise the fertilizer efficiency and enhance the growth of beet.2) The equation of yield and fertilizer was simulated as ternary quadratic form, whose F-value reached the significant level. The equation is: Y=61.50283+5.7268N+1.0209P+0.3041K-2.1634N2-0.6765P2-0.5579K2-0.7871NP-1.1026NK+2.3747PK. The optimizing of the equation indicated that the fertilizer dosage of N=180.00kg/hm2, P2O5=100.10kg/hm2, K2O=68.31kg/hm2as well as the proportion of110.556:0.380, the yield of beet was optimal, which was65.49t/hm2.3) The application of nitrogen has impact on the yield, the sugar content, the ammonium nitrogen, K+and Na+of beet. The sugar content decreased with the increasing application of nitrogen, increased with the increasing application of phosphorus. The ammonium nitrogen was enhanced by the increasing nitrogen, reduced by the increasing potassium. The K+content was related with the dosage of nitrogen and potassium, and the Na+content was influenced by the N and P application.4) The dynamic change in dry matter accumulation of beet showed a S-shape. The beet grew slowly at early growth stages. The dry matter accumulated quickly during July and August. The dry matter of the whole plants was strengthened with the increasing applied nitrogen. The distribution ratio of dry matter in different growth stages differed dramatically. The dry matter was mainly assigned in leaf during seedling stage, which is up to90%. During the phyllome formation stage, the dry matter was distributed mainly in the aboveground part, which occupied more than60%of the plant. After turning into the tuberous root expanding stage, the dry matter was concentrated in the tuberous root. The T/R value was high during the early growth stages, which declined notably with tuberous root swelling. Different levels of fertilizer application indicated the same changing law. |
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