Effect Of Fermented Biological Feed On Growth, Nutritional Components In Muscle, Digestive Enzyme And Non-specific Immunity Of Procambarus Clarkii

Biological fermentation feed is a new feed, containing fermented fish meal,fermented chicken powder, fermented soybean meal, fermented shrimp shell,wall-broken yeast powder and other ingredients. The experiment is to study the effectsof biological fermentation feed on the growth performance, muscle of nutrition,digestive enzymes, nonspecific immunity enzyme and the effect of water quality ofProcambarus clarkii. Procambarus clarkii is from4to8g, and randomly dividedthem into four groups, each group required three repeat,25tails for every repeat for60d growth tests. This experiment is to ensure the most appropriate quantity ofbiological fermentation enrichment material add to the feed, and provide thetheoretical basis of new type meal of Procambarus clarkii. And the test’s results are asfollows:1. After60days’feeding, each level of biological feed improved growthperformance of Procambarus clarkii. The25%group showed significantly higherthan the control group（P<0.05）, the relative growth rate, the relative weight increaserate and the specific growth rate is26.75%、121.38%and1.32%, respectivelyincreased38.96%、26.42%and17.86%compared with control group. The35%group’s growth performance indicators are better than the control group and its foodcoefficient(2.01) is the lowest, but showed no significant difference to the controlgroup（P>0.05）,and the45%group was the same as35%group（P>0.05）.2. The Muscle nutrition composition(Include water, protein, fat and crude ash)were had a less influence by the different levels of biological fermentation enrichmentmaterial, all the treatments showed no significant difference among the content ofwater, protein, fat and crude ash in muscle（P>0.05）,but after the feeding, the crudeprotein was increased and crude fat was decreased, that is to say the feed which wasadded biological fermentation enrichment material can improve the palatability. Andthe25%group is the most abvious, its content of crude protein and crude fat is 20.05%and0.38%.3. The experimental results show that, there have17kinds of amino acids inmuscle of Procambarus clarkii. Seven kinds of amino acids are essential amino acids(EAA), six kinds of amino acids are flavor amino acids (DAA), two kinds of aminoacids are half essential amino acids (HEAA). Compared with the amino acids, theresults indicated that adding different proportion of biological fermentation feed hadno significant difference in total amino acids, essential amino acids and flavor aminoacids of Procambarus clarkii （P>0.05）. Total amino acid content between17.92%~18.09%, essential amino acid content between6.62%~6.84%, flavor aminoacid content between8.26%~8.46%.In35%group, the proportion of essential aminoacids to total amino acids and the proportion of essential amino acids to non essentialamino acid is highest. The number is37.89%and61.02%, but compared with theother test group, there had no significant difference (P>0.05). In the17kinds ofamino acids, glutamate content is the highest, more than3%of the content of muscle.Next is aspartic acid and arginine, and cysteine content was the lowest, about0.03%of the content of muscle.4. Different additives on the biological feed have significant influence onsuperoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LSZ), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity inblood of Procambarus clarkii (P<0.05). SOD activity in45%group is the highest(153.03±0.23)U/mL, compared with other3test groups (P<0.05).LSZ activity in25%group is the highest, compared with the control group LSZ activity increased by20.01%,the AKP activity with35%group is highest, compared with0%and45%group has significant difference (P<0.05). Acidic phosphatase (ACP) and catalase(CAT) activities does not change significantly in the4test groups (P>0.05),but ACPand CAT activity in blood are higher than those in the control group after being addedto add biological feed.5. After feeding with biological feed, trypsin activity and amylase activity ofProcambarus clarkii are significantly increased (P<0.05), and the impact of biologicalfeed on lipase activity is not big (P>0.05). With the increasing amount of biologicalfeed additives, trypsin activity saw a trend from rising to downward, the highesttrypsin activity is in35%group and significant different from the control group(P<0.05). Amylase activity presents a increasing trend and the45%group is thehighest, it is significant different from the other three groups (P<0.05), the activitiesin25%group and35%have little difference (P>0.05), but all are significant higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).6. At first, the initial pH of water in every tested group is7.2, with the passage oftime it presents a rising trend. Observed from a half month’s detection that the rise ofthe overall amount in pH is0.8~1.0. Although changes of pH in four groups are notbig, the pH in water after feeding with the biological feed is lower than those in thecontrol group. It shows the biological feed could have effect on adjusting pH to someextent. Feeding with the biological feed during the breeding period ammonia nitrogenin water present a gradual increasing and smooth again tendency, in which the highestammonia nitrogen content of35%group is0.192mg/L on the13th day, then presentdownward trend later, decreased to0.173mg/L on the16th day. The experimentalresults show the nitrite concentration in the experiment is pretty low begins from1stto7th day, along with the experiment content rises somewhat. After the7th day Asianitrate concentrations in control group are significantly higher than biological feedgroups, and always keep to the end of measurement. It can be found from thelongitudinal comparison in all groups that the control group is higher than othergroups in Asia nitrate concentration. The highest concentration appears on the16thday. Through inspection of the water quality we can see hydrogen sulfideconcentration as time goes on shows the trend of steady after increasing at first. Thedifference of hydrogen sulfide concentration in the four test patients is fewer.Fermentation can adjust water quality and improve the ecological environment inwater. It is beneficial to the growth of aquatic animals.To show that, the optimum quantity of fermentation feed additive can improvegrowth performance of Procambarus clarkii. Probiotics bacteria in biological feed canoptimize the microbe groups in the intestinal tract and improve the activity ofdigestive enzymes, so as to rise the utilization rate of feeding and promote the bodynutrition matter to deposit. In addition, biological feed can improve nonspecificimmunity of red swamp crayfish and further increase the ability of body to resistdiseases. It can be sure that the best range of fermentation feed additives is25%to35%according to the growth performance, digestive enzymes and immune enzymeindex.