Soil Erosion Of The Buha River Basin Based On Remote Sensing And GIS

Soil erosion refers to the process that the soil and its parent material, under the action ofhydro, wind, freezing and thawing, gravity, loaded with other external forces, were damaged,eroded, transported, and deposited.The combination of remote sensing and GIS is an information system for spatial datamanagement and operations,which itself has a strong spatial analysis function and modeldevelopment capabilities and provides strong support for the study of soil erosion: On the onehand, Soil erosion is the combined result of various factors. In the smaller area, Soil erosionfactor is more complex and changeable, But we can take advantage of GIS technology to dospatial analysis of these factors, in order to evaluate and analysis the soil erosion quantity; Onthe other hand,, these theories and methods and remote sensing data and other multi-source datacan be combined through the GIS, so that, a scientific Soil erosion model can be established.Remote sensing and GIS technology has widely used in soil erosion monitoring. To get therapid services of dynamic monitoring for regional soil erosion, soil and water conservationresearch, management evaluation, and etc., remote sensing and GIS in the future developmenthas become hot spot. The paper has selected the main factors, such as the topography, climate,surface composition and vegetation cover, to conduct modeling and analysis. In order to obtainthe freezing and thawing erosion boundary of the Buha River Basin,1:100million sites reliefmaps of Xining has been analyzed. And it is based on this boundary, the soil erosion of studyarea has been divided into two types: the freeze-thaw erosion and the wind-water erosion.Taking RS and GIS as a platform, and according to existing data sand fieldwork, six referencefactors are determined, including annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, the number ofdays of strong wind, terrain, vegetation cover types, surface chemical composition. Referring tothe selection of each factor, the two erosion types, with GIS tools such as modeling and spatialanalysis, are comprehensively evaluated and modeled, then the paper gets Freeze-thaw andWind-water erosion intensity class types and information of spatial distribution. The resultsshowed that: in the study area, the total area of freeze-thaw erosion is11331.18km~2, of whichmoderate and strong erosion are mostly accounting for, they represent respective proportion of30.03%,63.17%; Sever erosion accounts for6.67%. The total area of wind-water erosion is4208.61km~2, of which the moderate erosion mostly eroded. The moderate area is2677.85km~2,accounting for63.61%of the wind-water erosion area.