Research Of Countermeasures Of Large-Scale Structure Of Dairy Cattle In Harbin

In current, farming in dairy cows is experiencing rapid transformation from the traditionalretail breeding to farming of scale, Harbin’s farming in dairy cows is also undergoing the sametransformation. In this study, the current situation of Harbin’s breeding of scale in dairy cows, thedeficiencies and existing reason in farming of Scale were investigated and analysed in fieldinvestigation, combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis and consulting a largenumber of literature material. The results showed:(1) Retail breeding and small-scale farming is still predominant in Harbin dairy farming scale,the rate of farming of scale is lower. From2008to2010, the percents of scale farms and householdsfarming more than6cows accounted for59.77%,60.83%and57.21%in the total farms andhouseholds, respectively. But the percents of farms and households more than21cows accountedfor2.97%,5.99%,6.59%and7.08%, respectively, in the total farmsand households.(2) There were mainly dairy farming community, large-scale farms,"nursery cow" pattern,self-built pasture by domestic dairy companies and foreign companies in Harbin.(3) Harbin started dairy industry revitalization plan and developed the dairy farming from2002. The dairy cows population increased from0.206million in2002to0.467million in2008,and then began to decline, to0.457million in2011. On the other hand, the milk yield increasedfrom0.6million tons in2002to1.43million tons in2011. At the same time, unit yield of cows alsohas been increasing year after year.(4) Nowadays, there were many problems existed in Harbin’s cow farming of scale, such assmall-scale farming, low unit yield, poor mode of operation, shortage of high-quality feed, lowerlevel of disease prevention and control, serious environmental pollution, weak supervision andnonstandard operation on transaction link for milk. Based on series of problems above on,corresponding countermeasures were provided to promote cows farming in Harbin: vigorouslypromoting standardized scale farming; Speeding up the dairy herd improvement(DHI), optimizingthe population structure, improving the level of production technology; Developing high qualityforage industry, adjusting and optimizing the cow feed structure, Strengthening the regulation onmilk quality and milk procurement, Improving the systematization of farmers organization toservices for the dairy industry development; Increasing policy support and improvingmacro-control, perfecting the profit distribution mechanism to promote farmer and dairy companiesjoint development; Improving the management personnel quality. (5)According to the cows’ large-scale farming model in home and abroad, the dominantpattern of cow farming of scale in Harbin was the dairy farming community, large-scale farms and"nursery cow" pattern, but the most promising mode is a moderate-scale farms.This research can contribute to expand the scale of cow breeding, improve the quality of milk,raise the level of Harbin’s farming of scale in dairy cows and modernize the dairy farming. At thesame time it can provide important reference to the domestic dairy large-scale farming.