| Objectives:With the development of society, the mobile phones’utilization rate is more and more high as a kind of convenient communication tool. At the same time, the influence of mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on human health has attracted public attention. Different groups of people have different endurance to electromagnetic radiation, while the pregnant women are belong to the susceptible population. Pregnancy is a critical period for all systems’development of fetus, and it is also a period sensitive to external harmful stimulation which can damage the pregnant women’s physiological function and hence decrease fetal development. While right amount of vitamin E and Zinc element may block or repair this damage because they both play an important role on maintaining physiological function and development. In this study, the pregnant rats exposed to a certain intensity of mobile phone radiation directly, were meanwhile given different doses of vitamin E and zinc intervention. Both intervention effect on the damage from mobile phone radiation and the intervention mechanism of vitamin E and zinc were investigated by detecting the levels of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), Catalase (CAT), Total anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC), ATP enzyme, three kinds of monoamine neurotransmitters [Noradrenaline (NE), Dopamie (DA),5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HT)] in pregnant and fatal rats’brain tissues, immunoglobulin A(IgA), immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM), selenium (Se) element in pregnant and fatal rats’ serum, and white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelet (PLT) in pregnant and fatal rats’blood. Methods1The establishment of experiment model in pregnant rats60clean grade Wistar pregnant rats on day0of pregnancy, weighing250-350g, according to the weight balance were randomly divided into6groups, the negative control group, the positive control group, low, middle and high dosages of vitamin E groups and vitamin E+Zn group, ten in each group and breeded in single-cage. Since the pregnance, the negative and positive control groups were given peanut oil with vitamin E removed, the low, middle and high dosages of vitamin E groups were respectively supplemented with5mg/mL,15mg/mL, and30mg/mL of vitamin E, the vitamin E+Zn group was added15mg/mL of vitamin E and10mg/mL of ZnSO4,1mL·kg-1ig, per day until the end of the pregnance. Except for the negative control group, other groups were exposed to a frequency of900MHz moblie phone radiation1hour each time,3times per day for consecutive21days from the first day of pregnancy.2The impact on pregnant and fetal ratsThe general physical signs and the daily weight were observed and recorded. Afer the parturition, the developmental conditions of fetal rats were checked and the number of live births, the weight, body length and tail length of them were recorded as well.After the normal childbirth of pregnant rats, the pregnant and24h fetal rats were decapitated, and then the whole brain tissues and blood were taken. The contents of GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC, ATP enzyme in pregnant and24h fetal rats’brain tissues were tested. The levels of IgA, IgG, IgM in serum were tested by automatic biochemical analyzer and the contents of Se element in serum were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The complete blood count analyzer was used to measure the quantities of WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT. The contents of NE, DA and5-HT in brain tissues were tested by high performance liquid chromatograph with a fluorescence detector. Results1The effects on the physical development of pregnant and fetal ratsThere was no significant difference in body weight of pregnant rats among6groups (P>0.05). Visual observation had shown that the development of the fetal rats was at good condition. The number of fetal rats was alive, the average body weight, brain weight, body length, and tail length in each group had no significant difference between each other (P>0.05).2The effects on GSH-PX, CAT, T-AOC, ATP enzyme in pregnant and fetal rats’ tissuesIn the fetal rats, the level of GSH-PX was significantly lower in the positive control group than that in the negative control group (P<0.05). Compared with the positive control group, the GSH-PX of fetal rats all increased in other different dosages groups with the significance in the middle and high dosages of vitamin E groups (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in pregnant rats’brain tissues between the negative control group and the positive control group. The GSH-PX of pregnant rats in the vitamin E+Zn group was obviously higer than that in the positive control group and the middle dosage of vitamin E group (P<0.05).Compared with the negative control groups, the content of CAT in the positive control groups of pregnant and fetal rats was both significantly lower (P<0.05). The CAT of pregnant rats in the high dosage of vitamin E group and the vitamin E+Zn group and that of fetal rats in the high dosage of vitamin E group were respectively higher than that in the positive control groups (P<0.05).The level of T-AOC in pregnant and fetal rats was both significantly lower in the positive control group than in the negative control group (P<0.05). Compared with the positive control group, T-AOC of pregnant rats was obviously higher in middle, high dosages of vitamin E and vitamin E+Zn groups (P<0.05).In pregnant rats’brain tissues, Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity were both significantly lower in the positive control group than in the negative control group (P<0.05). Compared with the positive control group, the ATP enzyme activity in other groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity in high dosage of vitamin E group and vitamin E+Zn group, the Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity in middle and high dosages of vitamin E groups were all higher than those in the negative control group (P<0.05). The Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity was obviously higer in the vitamin E+Zn group than in the middle dosage of vitamin E group (P<0.05). In fetal rats’brain tissues, Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity and Ca2+-Mg2+-ATP enzyme activity were both significantly lower in the positive control group than in the negative control group (P<0.05). The ATP enzyme activity in the middle, high dosage of vitamin E groups and vitamin E+Zn group was higher than that in the positive control group (P<0.05). Compared with the middle dosage of vitamin E group, the Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity in vitamin E+Zn group was significantly increased (P<0.05).3The effects on IgG, IgA, IgM in pregnant and fetal rats’serumIn pregnant and fetal rats’serum, the IgG of the positive control groups was obviously lower than that of the negative control groups. Compared with the positive control groups, the IgG of pregnant rats in the high dosage of vitamin E group and that of fetal rats in middle, high dosages of vitamin E and vitamin E+Zn groups all increased and the differences were significant (P<0.05). No significant difference was found in IgA and IgM of pregnant rats and IgA of fetal rats among6groups (P>0.05). The content of IgM in fetal rats was lower than detection limit.4The effects on Se element in pregnant and fetal rats’serumThere was no significant difference among6groups in pregnant rats’serum (P>0.05). Compared to the negative control group, the content of Se in fetal rats’ serum was obviously decreased in positive control group (P<0.05). In fetal rats’ serum, the Se levels in middle, high dosages of vitamin E groups and vitamin E+Zn group were higher than that in the positive control group and the differences were significant (P>0.05).5The effects on the complete blood count in pregnant and fetal rats’bloodNo significant difference was found among6groups of pregnant rats in the count of WBC, RBC, Hb and PLT (P>0.05). In fetal rats’blood, the contents of RBC, Hb and PLT in6groups were not different significantly (P>0.05). Compared with the negative control group, the WBC of fetal rats in the other five groups was decreased (P<0.05) and difference was not significant among the five groups (P>0.05).6The effects on monoamine neurotransmitters in pregnant and fetal rats’brain tissuesThe contents of NE and DA in pregnant rats’brain tissues were lower in the positive control group than in the negative control group with the significance (P<0.05). The NE and DA in three different dosages of vitamin E and vitamin E+Zn groups decreased in varying degrees compared with the positive control group. Among them, the high dosage of vitamin E group and vitamin E+Zn group had significant differences compared to the positive control group (P<0.05). The content of5-HT in6groups was not different significantly (P>0.05).In fetal rats’brain tissues, the NE decreased in the positive control group, compared with the negative control group (P<0.05), and the DA,5-HT were no significant difference (P>0.05). The NE in middle dosage of vitamin E and vitamin E+Zn groups, the DA in high dosage of vitamin E and vitamin E+Zn groups were significantly higher than those in the positive control group (P<0.05). The content of5-HT in6groups was not different significantly (P>0.05).Conclusions1Under the intensity of this experiment, moblie phone electromagnetic radiation may reduce the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ATP enzyme in pregnant and fetal rats’brain tissues. Vitamin E and Zn could improve antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism. The three dosages of vitamin E groups had dose-effect relationship and the combined application of vitamin E and Zn may be better than using vitamin E alone in some respects.2Mobile phone electromagnetic radiation may affect pregnant and fetal rats’immune system, while vitamin E and Zn could improve the disorder of immune function.3Under the intensity of this experiment, moblie phone electromagnetic radiation could reduce the content of Se in fetal rats’serum, while vitamin E and Zn may inhibit the effect.4Vitamin E and Zn failed to improve the certain changes in tetal rats’blood system caused by mobile phone radiation.5Under the intensity of this experiment, mobile phone radiation could cause some central nervous system metabolic disorders of monoamine neurotransmitters in pregnant and fetal rats, vitamin E and Zn could effectively improve the metabolism. |
PDF Full Text Request