Study On The Chemical Composition And Biological Activity Of Trachyspermum Ammi (L.) Sprague

Trachyspermum ammi (L.)Sprague, a plant of Trachyspermum genus in family, isa traditional Uigur medicine and planted in south area in Xinjiang. Its seeds were usedas medicines. It has the function of expelling the wind, dropping away the cold, whichis generally used for medicinal purposes as a digestive stimulant or to treat liverdisorders. Thymol, the major phenolic compound present in essential oils, has beenreported to be a germicide, antispasmodic, and antifungal agent, And also have againstdental caries, nematicidal and anthelmintic activities. In order to find its effectivecompounds, the systematic research on this plant were made, extraction method ofessential oils and fatty acid, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, tyrosine activationand trace elements were studied.The research about Trachyspermum ammi (L.)Sprague in this thesis includedfour aspects:(1) Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) technique was employedto extract the volatile components from Uighur traditional medicine, Trachyspermumammi L. Sprague seeds. The volatile components were isolated and identifiedsuccessfully by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results fromHS-SPME-GC-MS were compared with those obtained fromhydrodistillation-GC-MS (HD-GC-MS) with a good agreement. Four extraction fiberswere chosen by solid phase microextraction in this experiment. The results showedthat16volatile compounds were identified with HD, amounting to total massfraction88.89%;15,17,15and19volatile compounds were identified with PDMSfiber、CAR/PDMS fiber、PDMS/DVB fiber and PDMS/DVB/CAR fiber, amounting tototal mass fraction98.93%、97.97%、99.88%and98.90%, respectively. The twodifferent kinds of analytical methods complemented each other, and a total of22volatile compounds were identified in Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague. The mainvolatile composition is consistent. Fatty acid of oils were esterified and analysed byGC/MS. The main component is9-octadecenoate in species.(2) This study was analysised the chemical compounds of essential oil (EO) from Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague (T. ammi), to determining the antimicrobial andantioxidant activity of EO and different polar solvent extracts. The volatilecomponents were isolated and identified successfully by gas chromatography-massspectrometry (GC-MS); Using the agar diffusion method and broth dilutiondetermining the antimicrobial effect of EO; Using DPPH method, ABTS method andreducing power assays determining the antioxidants activity of T. ammi EO andsolvent extracts. GC/MS analysis of the EO resulted in the identification of18compounds, accounting for99.06%of the content of EO. Antimicrobial activityresults showed that T. ammi EO for a variety of pathogenic microorganisms have agood inhibitory effect, especially for Gram-positive bacteria and mold, the inhibitoryeffect is particularly evident. Also, the antioxidant of EO and methanol extract wassignificantly stronger than the others; the contents of total phenolic and flavonoids ofextracts had obvious difference. The EO showed strong antimicrobial activity againstall12microorganisms tested. there is a positive correlation between antioxidantactivity potential and amount of phenolic and flavonoids compounds of the extracts.(3) In the separation system of Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague, the alcoholextract was extraction by different polarity solvent, the sub-parts were screened bytyrosinase activity, the results showed that ethyl acetate extract tyrosinase activation ishigher than other extracts. Guided by the activation rate of tyrosinase, the ethylacetate extract of the T. ammi was isolate by silica gel column chromatography,recrystallization purification to gained the monomer compound, Using kinds ofchromatography technique to identification the compounds is monoterpene glycosidesthymol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. The compounds exhibited a inhibitory effect ontyrosinase activity. Therefore, the active ingredient in T. ammi which have tyrosinaseactivation of follow-up work needs to be further in-depth separation.(4) The contents of fourteen elements were determined by ICP-AES usingmicro-wave digestion from different varieties of Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague.The results indicated that there were rich trace elements in different varieties of seeds,the main elements were Cu, Zn, Fe, K, Ca, Na, Mg, Mn, Sr, Cr, Ni; the potentially physiologically toxic elements Pb，Hg，Cd. There were some differences betweendifferent varieties of Trachyspermum ammi L. Sprague in elements contents.