Jiantuanyin Of Qiuxian (Hebei) Dialect: Their Distribution And Variation

Based on the field survey material, reference to the material about Qiuxian, the authorsolves the following three questions with the methods of social linguistics investigation, thetheory of vocabulary diffusion and phonology:(1) Jingzuxiyin（精组细音）of Qiuxian dialect: the types and distribution of thepronunciation;(2) The situation and analysis of Jingzuxiyinzi（精组细音）which becomes tuanyin inQiuxian dialect;(3) The evolution characteristics of jiantuanyin confluence.The main conclusions are:1.The pointed opposition groups of jiantuanyin are kept in Qiuxian dialect, and the wordsof ‘jian’ group（见组）have been completely changed into Tongue tone. The words of ‘jing’group（精组）have not been completely changed into Tongue tone and there are two kinds. Onekind [tθ tθ θ] is called interdental pronunciation and the other [ts ts s] is called tip-tonguepronunciation which is sliced into several parts on the map.2. The ‘tθ’ may be the early form and the ‘ts’ is the later form. Among the three groups ofthe old, miiddle and young, the young group of tuanyin is changed on the highest degree. Thespeed of the ‘tθ’,which is changed into tuanyin, is slower than the kind of the ‘ts’. Somewords of the ‘tθ’ are firstly changed into the tip-tongue yin, and then changed into tuanyin.3. In the young group the speed of ‘[ts]/[tθ]’, which is changed into ‘[t]’, is the fastest.The degree of the ‘jing’ group（精组）words,which are changed into tuanyin, is different. Theqingmu words are of the highest speed and the congmu words are also at a higher level.4. The speed of cuokouhu（撮口呼）,which is changed into tuanyin, is faster than that ofqichihu（齐齿呼）.5. Qiuxian dialect is like the neighboring dialect, which has pointed opposition groups ofjianyin and tuanyin. It is changed from the separated to the mergerand and has its relativelyunique evolution forms.