Study On Wanyan Xi Yin Family Cemetery

In the late tenth century, China became a multi-regime divided country, including Song Dynasty in central plains, Liao Dynasty in the north, and Jin Dynasty in the northeast. During this time, one of the strongest in Jurchen tribes—WanYan, unified the rest and then established Jin Dynasty. Arousing its all efforts to make the country prosperous, Jin Dynasty rised rapidly in white mountain and black water-the landscape of northeast China. Over several years, the Jurchen of Jin Dynasty, assaulting Liao Dynasty and Song Dynasty, played an important role in this period of history.In this minority governance, WanYan-Xiyin family was good at battle in the northeast China, which had been the power center, and made outstanding contributions to the establishment and development of the Jin Dynasty.Since WanYan-Xiyin tombstone of sacred way has been found, academic circles did a lot of research on it, but studied little on the archaeological research.In1979～1980, Jilin archaeological team clarified five areas and checked up fourteen tombs of the WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery through investigating and excavating, and did many studies on it. Later, papers and publicity, including exhibitions debated a lot about the WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery, and produced certain effect on historians and the public. Virtue of this opportunity to arrange this batch of materials, combined with survey and excavation materials from1979to1980and re-examination information in2011, this paper conducts a comprehensive review of the WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery, and does in-depth research on the cemetery’s cultural factors in many aspects. The full text is divided into four partsThe first part, a brief history of the discovery and research, introduces the object’s description and research situation of this paper after being found. This part puts discovery and research history into two periods. First, from the late Qing Dynasty to the early period after the founding of China, only some description and investigation on the WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery. It was not being explored systematically. During the period of occupation of the northeast, Japanese scholars repeatedly excavated the cemetery. Then, after the founding of new China, government continued to develop new Chinese cultural relics protection system, and put WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery on protection unit list. From1979to1980, cultural relics work team of Jilin province scientifically investigated and excavated WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery and got a number of important archaeological materials, and provided important reference for the study of northeast Jin tombs. In2011, they re-examed the WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery and found out the current situationThe second part, overview. Combining with Internal information provided by Jilin provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology and study on the cemetery by many scholars in recent years and re-examination information, this part cards and introduces the overview of the cemetery. First, it introduces the distribution situation and five zones of WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery one by one. Secondly, it introduces the burial of the cemetery of the five zones. This part distinguishes between burial types by using existing materials. In third, it introduces part of funerary objects unearthed. Finally it introduces and discusses the location of WanYan-Xiyin cemetery. Because of the undetermination about the location of WanYan-Xiyin cemetery, this paper combines with the known materials, discusses and studies on WanYan-Xiyin cemetery from four aspects-cemetery location, tombstone location," iron coupons" unearthed from M2and grave grades.The third part, cultural factors analysis. This part sets out from many aspects. First, it analyzes grave grade system characteristics which is reflected by tombstone of sacred way and cut figure in stone. There are tombstone of sacred way and tablet pavilion before this tomb, and the tombstone of sacred way consists of top of tablet、stele、pedestal in the form of a tortoise, both sides stand stonepeople、stonesheep、stonetiger and stonepillar. This ground tomb instrument system should be the highest funeral level of the noble of Jin Dynasty. Second, observation on sealing mode of the funeral reflects similar sealing mode of tomb in the Song Dynasty in the south. Third, funeral custom of stone stealing slabs and agnihotra reflects the Buddhism culture’s effects on WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery. Finally, through comparing the Jurchen’s noble tomb with the tomb of the Song Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Han tombs of Jin Dynasty, it analyzes the characteristic burial customs of the Jurchen, such as being buried with less funerary objects.The fourth part, conclusion. Based on the familiarity of WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery’s excavated materials and the arrangement of previous scholars’research results, this part combines with literature and summaries the diverse cultural factors of WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery by the cultural factor analysis method. In the diverse cultural impact, the Jurchen of Jin Dynasty fully embraced and formed a multicultural community combining with its own characteristics. Overall, study on WanYan-Xiyin family cemetery is just on the basis of the existing materials, and this paper may exist mistakes and errors. Hope that these mistakes and errors will be eliminated in future study and work.