Analyze New York City’s Soho And Harlem Gentrification Phenomenon

Since the second world war, the United States urban spatial structure has changed, under the suburbs of lateral spreading and center city to industrialization waves pound to the central business district, as a representative of the center city continued to decline. However, from the1960s to the early70s" of the last centry, the scholars of inner city blocks of United States had made an exciting and academic debate towords the gentrification movement. The word " gentrification" is first brought out by British scholar Ruth. Glass in1964. The basic meaning is:middle class (gentleman) moved into some abandoned industrial park or dilapidated old residential area, the original vacancy workshop got to development and utilization, and shabby housing also get repair, then the old industrial and residential area’s environment improved, commercial capital started assigned, real estate developers have followed suit, so that these areas’land price and the house prices soaring, rental prices and the rise in the cost of living make the poverty original residents can’t afford and forced to move, the whole area’s residents change into the the middle class, this is the so-called "Gentrification".This paper mainly divided into three parts. In the first part, I choose New York’s Soho area as the research object, and through analysis soho gentrification’s formation, development process and the influence, in order to show the integrity process. Soho is vogue and avant-garde art pronoun, not only such, today’s soho, no matter from housing rents, real estate prices or per capita income to measure, it is the New York city’s most rich community. But few people realize that, in the1950s, Soho is a bleak, facing the demolition of whole dilapidated abandoned industrial zone, and the artists of the regular assigned, open the soho district the process of gentrification, step by step, Soho became like today. Can say, the artist is the opener, the performer, and is the key. But, the gentrification process of soho makes it expensive, and most of the artists cannot afford the rising rents anymore, so finally, they unwilling to evacuate, this is worth thinking deeply.The second part choose the Harlem community as the research object. Harlem is African-American ghetto, it is regarded as problems community, poverty, chaos, violence, drugs always use to describe Harlem community. However, in the1980s Harlem did have obvious signs of a gentleman, but the Harlem is an wide area and large population community, plus it is an African-American ghetto’s special situation so although government policy is strongly support the vigorous development, but there is no denying that the Harlem residents are still mostly poor, so from the1980s until now, the process of the gentrification has been difficultly vanguard.The third part, on the basis of research on the gentrification of Soho and Harlem, will mainly from the regional natures the causes of gentrification and the degree of development these three aspects to analysis Soho and Harlem gentrification’s difference. And in contrast to the process of analysis of the urban construction of our country gentleman of reference significance, and should be in reference to adjust measures to local conditions, enhances strong points and avoids weaknesses, give full play to the gentleman in the urban construction in the advantage at the same time, they try to avoid the gentleman process may negative effects.