The Study Of "Chuang Tzu·Under Heaven"

"Chuang tzu·Under Heaven" that is only more than3200words,"the position at last, but is of great significance; simple style, but is very profound." Study of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven " has important theoretical significance and application value. Ancient and modern researchers have discussed on it much."the preface for’Chuang tzu Under Heaven’shu-cheng " written by Gu Shi said:"Without reading ’Under Heaven’, you couldn’t understand the writing purpose of ’Chuang tzu’, and couldn’t understand the basic features of the late Zhou Dynasty academic, too.""Under Heaven" is the important premise and basis for Studying of "Chuang tzu" and the important standard to identify the articles of "Chuang tzu". It is the mirror of the development and evolution of the academic thought of the pre-Qin period and the ancient Taoist. It provides important clues for us to accurately understand and grasp the thought essences and the inner links of the academic factions of the pre-Qin, especially the factions of Taoism of the pre-Qin. At the same time,"Under Heaven" leads the fashion of ancient academic classifications and democratic criticism ethos, and has the far-reaching influence to the later history of academic research.However, the ancient and modern scholars who study "Under Heaven" hold a wide spectrum of opinions on related issues and it is difficult to form unified views. Through the methods of literature, history, comparative, comprehensive, analysis, etc, this paper tries to make a comparatively comprehensive study of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven" on the basis of previous studies, in order to correct some traditional misconceptions and prejudices with my superficial understanding. It is not to pursuit of wonderful exact dissertations, just to do some useful exploration, so as to showing the true intentions and true face of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven".This paper is mainly divided into seven sections.Part one:Chapter1, introduction. A brief summary of the present situations and the selection reasons of the research, discussing the theoretical significance and application value of the research, and explaining the specific methods of the research.Part two:Chapter2, a shallow note and shallow translation for "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven". Making a shallow note and shallow translation on the basis of the previous notes and translations, shu-cheng, and interpretations to show my understanding and grasp of " Chuang tzu·Under Heaven", and finally to provide the basis for the later dissertation.Part three:Chapter3, the author and written time of "Chuang tzu Under Heaven". With Classifying, listing and analyzing each point of view,"based on the original content, to resort to the book ", proving that "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven " should be the postscript of the seven articles of "Chuang tzu-inner" written by Chuang tzu’s disciples and followers who lived in the middle or late of the Warring States period.Part four:Chapter4, the theme and writing logic of "Chuang tzu Under Heaven". Around the "Taoist" and "Inside Saint, Outside King" which is the core content and evaluation criterion of "Chuang tzu Under Heaven", analyzing its internal design and intention of writing, clearing the theme and writing logic, and proving the Taoist position and views of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven’Part five:Chapter5, the argumentation between "the article of Hui Shi" and "the chapter of Hui Shi". From the original content of "Under Heaven" and the corresponding content of "Chuang tzu", proving that the paragraph of "Hui Shi" is an inherent part of "Under Heaven", and finally accepting "the chapter of Hui Shi" but rejecting "the article of Hui Shi".Part six:Chapter6, obiterdictum. Dialectically analyzing the value of the academic history of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven" Clearing the relationship between subjective purposes and objective effects, between selective example and complete listing, and expounding the value of the academic history of "Under Heaven" on the sense of objective effect; Analyzing and demonstrating the sentences and phrases, meaning and designatum of "the number one two three four" in the general part, comparing the various viewpoints, and expounding my view; Making a brief summary of the writing features of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven", and making a commentary about its style of stylistic, language, and construction on the basis of its character of preface.Part seven:Chapter7, conclusion. Summarizing the whole paper, listing the conclusions of each part, look into the future of the research of "Chuang tzu·Under Heaven ".