The Meaning Analysis Of Chinese Particals "ne"、"ba"、"ma"、"a" And Their Teaching

The former research of "Ne、Ba、Ma、A" has some meaning-category problem--too complicated or too simple. We re-analysis and generalize the traditional research achievements, finding their basic meaning and extended meaning. We think the basic meaning of "ne" is:when the speaker wants to emphasize something, using "ne" to "remind" the listener’s attention. For the modal partical "Ba", we propose a new description based on a theory of three conceptual domains and divide its meaning into "emergence of a new acting situation","emergence of a new knowing situation" and "emergence of a new speaking situation". The acting meaning is basic,then extends the knowing and speaking meaning.This tripartite division not only describes the similarity and differences of various uses of "Ba", but also provides a useful framework for easy memory. The basic meaning of "a" is also "reminding" somebody of something. If there is special background or context,the content will have some colourful emotional meanings. Finally,we set out an extensive investigation on these model particals among foreign students and searched some teaching materials. Then,we analysed and categorized their errors and provide some suggestions for teaching:refering to "foundation principles",using "Comparative analysis",then making all the modal particles understood.