The Evolution Of Scientific And Technologic Literature In The Process Of Modernization In The Late Qing Dynasty

Usually, the modernization means capitalism beginning at Europe in17th century.The modernization is an worldwide ideological trends, including the changes of thepolitics, economy, ideology, and other fields. Modernization is a change from thetraditional society to modern society. It will cause the transformation including politicalsystem, economic system, ideological culture as well as people’s value system andpsychological aspect, and other fields. Most of the countries experienced this trend.China, as a ancient country, has fairly obvious characteristics in its process ofmodernization. The Qing government’s process of modernization is involved with a verypassive attitude. It is not a naturally developmental result of Chinese society, butengrafted from western modernization. This process come from internal bud and theexternal force. The late Qing modernization process had subsequently failed with theprocess of twists and turns, including three stages: In the sixties and the seventies of19thcentury, the late19th century and the early20th century.The scientific and technologic literature contains two knowledge, recording thedisplay of human scientific and technological outcomes and the development of humanscientific and technological activities. The scientific and technologic literature plays aimportant role in the whole human literature. As the result of outcome from humanscientific and technological activities, it is the record of the development of scientific andtechnological achievements, but also for scientific and technological activities, andpromote the development of science and technology products.The research on evolution of scientific and technologic literature in the process ofmodernization in the late Qing Dynasty is both the summary and pectination to history,but also the reference and expectation to future.The first part will introduce the concept of modernization, leading to thebackground of scientific and technologic literature-modernization in the late Qingdynasty, with the details of the process and characteristics of the modernization in thelate Qing dynasty.The second part will describe the evolutional process of the scientific andtechnologic literature in the late Qing modernization. This process can be divided into three phases according to the character of scientific and technologic literature: the OpiumWar, the Westernization Movement, the1894Sino-Japanese War. The second part willalso summarize the different characteristics of scientific and technologic literature inthese three periods, and extracted the representative literatures to be introduced andconfirmed its characteristicsThe third part concluded from the second part will sum up six characteristics thatthe evolutional process comes from the scientific and technologic literature in the lateQing Dynasty.