Preliminary Study On Homesteaders In Song Dynasty

China since ancient times been an agricultural society, the homesteaders as in ancientChina occupies a small plot of land and other means of production, rely on their own andfamily members to free farmers for agricultural production, politics is a national compilationof households Qi China to bear the corresponding taxes and corvee; economicgenerally do notexploit others or slightly exploitation, or by the minor exploitation of others. Song farmers,and more focused on the relationship of confrontation between the tenant and the landlord, aswell as the Song Dynasty farmers’ lives miserable description. In this paper, the researchfocused the homesteaders China of the Song Dynasty is divided into the following aspects:The first chapter discusses the sources of homesteaders China of the Song Dynasty.There are two main ways. First, follow the Five Dynasties yeoman China. The two tax reformof the mid-Tang land equalization policy collapse Jun tian farmers directly into homesteaders.Although experiencing the Five Dynasties of the war, but the yeoman people have landinherited retained until the early Song Dynasty. Second, a number of homesteaders andBanzigengnong of the trend of land fragmentation in the Song Dynasty. The Song Dynasty isnot only the concentration of land and also land fragmentation, which reflects part of thetenant farmers through their own efforts to rise to the main household, part of the middle andsmall landlords through the separation of the analysis of production, poor management, etc.will decline as a yeomanThe second chapter deals with the fostering and protection measures of the SongDynasty government yeoman class. The yeoman China’s land ownership is the basis of theSong Dynasty government’s rule, the bureaucracy of officials had not only strongly called onthe government restrictions on the annexation of land, but also actively take measures toprotect and nurture the right yeoman, such as the promulgation of a series of policies toencourage farmers to reclaim arable escape Toda, thus becoming the country’s main farmers;part of the government in the hands of the decentralization of public fields to sharecroppersand farmers; Free Year of Disaster Relief to the families of homesteaders China taxes andcorvee in the section, and enhance its ability to withstand natural disasters. Through thesemeasures, the number of homesteaders China to increase with the increase of the totalpopulation in the Song Dynasty, the yeoman class always remained stable.Chapter III of the life of the homesteaders China in the Song Research Center. First of all,the historical data described in the tragic life of the farmers in the Song Dynasty historical records that these records do not reflect the real life of the Song Dynasty farmers, especiallysubsistence farmers living of the people. Secondly, yeoman people living there a significantimpact on taxes and corvee problem analyzed in detail. Song Dynasty the yeoman China taxburden is not very heavy, military service, labor, etc. are mostly in the bear range. Again, theland area of the Song Dynasty the homesteaders China families compared to the TangDynasty has decreased, but their intensive land utilization had increased sharply, twenty acresof land to support a family of five is not a problem generally; plus textiles and sideline andother life played an important complementary role of the Song Dynasty yeoman China tomaintain the basic food and clothing have no problem.Chapter4, on the basis of previous research to estimate the number of people of the SongDynasty homesteaders. Obtained the number of the Song Dynasty yeoman taken into accountthe sly Ming households capacity to tax deposit and other factors on the number ofhomesteaders, accounting for approximately50%of the total population of the community’sconclusions,although the fluctuations but basically in the dynamic the balance, and most ofthe time the homesteaders China’s number is more than the tenant customers.Chapter5, the first four chapters of the basis, described the importance of subsistencefarmers in the Song Dynasty. The homesteaders in the Song Dynasty, have a considerableproportion and scale, with the relative stability of the class. Song Dynasty the homesteaderseconomic and contractual tenancy economy with two major force in promoting socialdevelopment.