The Study On Relations Of Learning Disabilities In Mathematics And Inhibitory Ability Development For Pupil

Distractor inhibition is the inhibition ability of selective attention in perceived level, for the performance of actively inhibition on distractions except the target. Retrieval inhibition is a kind of selective memory retrieval; refers to the interference rejection capability of irrelevant information in memory, is considered by inhibition ability of selective attention in concept level. As the selective attention in different levels of two kinds of inhibition mechanism for individual learning, they have played a significant role.In order to discuss the two kinds of inhibition ability and the relation of their development and learning disabilities in mathematics, the first experiment used2(learning capacity of mathematics:excellent students and students with learning disabilities)×2(sequence of prompting in probe trials:before the target or behind it)×2(relationship between target and distractor:distractor in probe trials and target in prime trials are the same or not) mixed experimental design, and used the step priming display negative priming paradigm to study the distractor inhibition and the retrieval inhibition of excellent students and students with learning disabilities in mathematics, and analyzed the result.The second experiment used3(learning capacity of mathematics:excellent students, normal students and students with learning disabilities)×3(grade level:Grade4, Grade5and Grade6)×2(experimental treatment:distractor inhibition experiment and retrieval inhibition experiment) mixed experimental design to study the development of the two inhibition ability of Grade4to Grade6.The conclusions were as follow:(1) For the distractor inhibition ability, the level of inhibition emerge developmental trend, from Grade4cannot display significantly negative priming effect to the excellent students in math of Grade5display a significant negative priming effect, then to all students of Grade6display the significant negative priming effect, this period may be the critical period of the development of distractor inhibition ability, that is to say9-11years old are the critical age of the development of children’s distractor inhibition ability.(2) For the retrieval inhibition ability, the level of inhibition also emerge developmental trend, from Grade4cannot display significantly negative priming effect to students of Grade6display the significant negative priming effect on the whole, this period may be the critical period of the development of retrieval inhibition ability, that is to say9-10years old are the critical age of the development of children’s retrieval inhibition ability.(3) In the two inhibition ability, the development of students with learning disabilities in mathematics are relatively slow especially in the development of distractor inhibition ability, and in Grade4to Grade6students with learning disabilities in mathematics exist significant defect of distractor inhibition ability, this kind of develepmental hysteresis may be one reason for learning difficulties in math.