The Study Of The Occurrence Of Pride In Toddlers

Self-conscious emotions (SCE) are based on self-awareness and self-representations.Pride, as the only one positive emotion of self-conscious emotions, has caused universalcaution in recent years. The pride refers to pleasurable subjective feelings that arrived orexceeded a set of standards, rules, and goals. Based on the comprehensively theoretical andempirical studies, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the occurrence of the pridein toddlers by a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study.This research has three studies. Study1, Based on the theoretical and empirical studies,the nonverbal expression of the pride in toddlers and the tasks are determined by interviewmethod and situational experiment method. Study2, A cross-sectional study of the occurrenceof pride in toddlers is conducted. In this study, we selected162subjects age from24months to36months and evaluated the occurring time of pride. Study3, On the basis of cross-sectionalstudy, a longitudinal study of the occurrence of pride is conducted. The approach is adoptedto assess12toddlers aged26months to32months by video on monthly basis. The occurringtime of pride is evaluated.Based on the above studies’ results analysis and discussions, the present researchgenerally discusses the nonverbal expression of pride the tasks of eliciting pride and theoccurring time. The main conclusions are drawn as follow:1The nonverbal behaviorexpression of children’s pride includes5behavioral components which are the facialexpression of a smile-either open or close mouth, eyes directed at researcher, expandedposture, head tilted slightly back, and points at outcome or applauds.2Pride occurred anddeveloped between27months and32months, and it show a developmental tendency with theincrease of age. The occurrence time of pride is29months.3No gender differences is shownin the occurring process of pride.