The Relationship Between Neolithic Culture In Yishuhe River Basin In Shandong Province And Climate Change

There are complete and continuously developed Neolithic culture relics in Shandong Province, where Haidai culture was mostly discovered. Neolithic culture relics in Yishu River basin in Shandong is one of the most typical Neolithic culture relics in distribution, therefore, Yishu River is of great importance in researching the relationship between ancient culture relics and the environment. This paper employs GIS spatial analysis, Kolmogorov—Smirnov statistical examination and weighted superposition to analysis the relationship between the distribution of Neolithic culture relics and the environment in the basin. It also seeks to approach what ancient environment changes do to the distribution of Neolithic culture relics.(1) Yishu River basin culture was developed from the Haidai culture in the sequence of Late Dawenkou culture, Longshan culture and Yueshi culture. There is obvious inheritance relationship between Dawenkou culture and Longshan culture. During Longshan culture period, there was distinct improvement in agriculture and handicrafts, while during Yueshi culture distinct recession.(2) Elevation, slope and horizontal distance from water system are main factors influencing the distribution of Neolithic culture relics in Yishu River basin, Shandong Province, while aspect is less important. Neolithic culture relics mainly distributed where the elevation is between50m and200m, taking up91.09%、88.5%、88.57%of the total number of relics respectively; also, Neolithic culture relics mainly distributed where the slope is less than2.5°, taking up78.22%、84.6%、82.56%of the total number of relics respectively; finally, Neolithic culture relics mainly distributed where the horizontal distance from water system is less than1000meters, taking up88.12%、86.38%、91.43%of the total number of relics respectively.(3) Dawenkou culture relics are mostly distributed in piedmont alluvial plain of high altitude (high probability region), less distributed in middle river alluvial plain of low altitude (low probability region), and almost not distributed in the southern region of low altitude. Longshan culture has a larger relic distribution than Dawenkou culture, and the high probability region was stretching to the middle river alluvial plain from the piedmont alluvial plain. Medium probability region lay in the southern area of low altitude, while low probability region lay in the northern mountain district, testifying good simulating effects of the probability graph. The number of Yueshi culture relics is small, thus cannot reflect the altitude increase of relics distribution. The influence of environmental change on the relic distribution of different culture periods can not be ignored.(4) Since Holocene, the climate in Shandong district has been fluctuated vigorously, with warm climate and cold, dry climate appearing alternatively.Climate change not only has a influence on the distribution of Neolithic culture relics in Yishuhe River basin, Shandong Province, but also constraint social development at that time. During Dawenkou culture, the humid climate was apt for human development and the productivity was greatly improved. During Longshan culture, the climate was dry and the water level was reduced, but the climate change was not significant thus no hindrance was made to social development. However, during Yueshi culture, the climate constantly became lower, accompanying with big flood damage, making people abandoning their home and migrating to regions of higher altitude. This bad climate deteriorated the relationship between human and land, and eventually brought down a culture.