The Theory Of Psychic Mechanism Critique On Fromm’s Escape From Freedom And Contemporary Enlightenment

The process of development of human history shows that the contradiction is its salient feature:On the one hand, due to the rapid development of science and technology, bring great improvement to the economic.All the aspects of material life improved significantly, Human’s survival environment has improved greatly than before, Human be proved to strong infinitely, the scope and intensity of control are also proved; But on the other hand,the freedom state of the imagined and pursuit by human has not been realized, instead, fell into a state of escape freedom,and this escape led to the alienation of people’s psychological mechanism. Fromm as an important representative figure of Frankfurt school, adhering to the characteristics of the ideological and theoretical of the school:attention to the human living circumstances.Through the fusion of Marx’s alienation theory and Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, he tries to reveal the psychological roots of human pursuit and escape freedom and explore the psychological mechanism of escape from freedom, analysis and investigate from the modern people’s personality structure and the plight.,and trying to find out the ways of modern social ill, In today’s China, People face the psychological trouble as fromm said, and similar environmental factors. This article hopes to analysis and reference the theory of psychological mechanism of fromm’s escape from freedom to analysis current psychological mechanism of escaping from freedom in China, tries to put forward to solutions, so as to realize man’s all-round development. In this paper, a total of five parts:The first part explain the foundation of reality and theory of fromm’s critical psychological mechanism theory. Western marxism, especially the Frankfurt school, is formed by fusion of Freud and Marx thought, which is the theory of "Freud’s marxism. Fromm as a member of the Frankfurt school, the thought and theory on the one hand, inherited Marx’s alienation theory, on the other hand also absorb the freudian psychoanalysis theory of personality structure. Based on the fusion of both thought,he critique the psychological mechanism aimed at the developed industrial society.The second part illustrates the connotation of the critical theory of the psychological mechanism. Fromm thought, from the moment that human began to "recognize himself as a whole that different from the nature and other people around,and then the human social history began." Human began go into the process of individual development,which is the increases of self-strength, but at the same time the feeling of alone increase. The two different development trend make the person produces the unbearable loneliness and the feeling of no power, and this kind of feeling form a psychological mechanism, namely "escape mechanisms," it is also said that what this paper call to escape the psychological mechanism of escape freedom.The third part illustrates the psychological mechanism of escape from freedom in contemporary China. In contemporary China, with the rapid development of market economy, great changes have taken place in people’s life and psychology, the psychological suffering a similar plight. The three typical form of escape from freedom that Fromm illustrate in the escape from freedom has a very good value.The fourth part explains the ways that avoid the psychological mechanism of escape from freedom. Fromm thought, in order to change the psychological mechanism that the dilemma of face of freedom and escape from freedom, must establish perfect personality and society. Fromm thought the healthy people is so-called alienation and creative characteristics, and the main characteristics of perfect world is improve the social purpose of of the human is, being productive and creative character of the society. To the sound of a society and a sound personality, fromm’s overall solution is put forward first in people’s spiritual advocates love, build a harmonious interpersonal relationship; In Economical, motivate workers to actively participate in enterprise production and management of the owner; In politics, perfect the democracy; In culture, advocate the reform of education and many aspects, such as art.The fifth part illustrates the reality enlightenment of fromm’s critical theory of psychological mechanism. In contemporary China, as a result of the development of science and technology, the construction of modern market economy promoted constantly, at the same time the development of economic also brings a series of problems, such as the performance of the relationship between human and nature, the relationship among people gradually deteriorated, and enhanced people’s loneliness, and there is a widespread psychological problems. The critical theory of psychological mechanism, therefore, not only has guidance for own ills of the developed industrial society, but aslo has important significance for contemporary China.