| As the water pollution of the basin is increasingly serious and the task of thewater sources protection is increasingly difficult, the integrated management of thewatershed environment is put on the agenda. Watershed ecologica l compensation-theeconomic instruments of the Basin Environmental integrated management has alsobecome a hot field. Watershed eco-compensation mechanism is implemented to solvethe problem that drainage basin which areas require compensation in the drainagebasin, where are they? Why should this type of ecological compensation be carriedout? Compensate what? Who compensation, compensation who,and who will overseeand coordinat the process of the compensation?how much to compensate? How tocompensate? How the compensation effect and how to improve the compensationmeasures? The system carried out with arrangements of a range of issues, policies,means and methods. And their corresponding watershed ecological compensationmechanisms include: the type and zoning of the watershed ecologica l compensation,the status and objectives of the type of ecological compensation, compensationobjects，compensation stakeholders, the standard of compensation, compensationmethods, compensation policy assessment and improvement.Since the Ninth Five-Year Plan, Dianchi continue to be put into the country’s"three rivers and three lakes" key pollution control projects by the State Council forthree five-year plans. The pollution control of Dianchi Lake pay more attention toestablishing a long-term management planning, comprehensive management of lakesin the whole basin, and the use of government-led, market participation ofmulti-channel investment and financing mechanisms, technical, economic, socialmanagement, and other means.In the integrated river basin management works likeabate pollution in Dianchi Lake,"four retire three returm one care" project aroundDianchi, city water pollution control, transfer of agricultural industry, protection ofthe source area and the outer basin diversion project will involve ecological environment externality of the product and watershed or the ecological and economicinterests of inter-basin allocation problem, deal with these problems requires a goodecological compensation mechanism to support.The object of this paper is the Dianchi Lake basin, an area of2920km2, covering52townships in neighborhood offices in Kunming area, Chenggong County, JinningCounty, Songming County. The following results were obtained:1. Broad ecological compensation is the general term of the environmentaleconomic instruments of the integrated management of the Basin.The improvedwatershed ecological compensation mechanism is ecological compensation type andzoning, the status and objectives of the type of ecological compensation,compensation objects, compensation stakeholders, compensation standards, themethod of compensation, the compensation effect evaluation and the improvement ofcompensation policies. According to the present ecological and environmentalprotection situation of Dianchi Lake, the ecological compensation of Dianchi Lakebasin is divided into six types that is the industrial zone of ecologicalcompensation,ecological compensation for living areas, agricultural areas o fecological compensation, mining ecological compensation, watershed ecologicalcompensation and the source area of ecological compensation. Selected urban andrural construction land area, total population, arable land, industrial land area,waterarea and forest coverage in Dianchi Lake Basin exploratory compensation for the firstfive eco-types of zoning.2. In accordance with the specific mode of ecological compensation mechanismof the Dianchi endogenous and water (Songhua Township) ecological compensation.Endogenous pollution in Dianchi Lake is divided into three regions of northern,central and southern.The Dianchi Lake function of source of drinking water in2010iscompletly losed, loss of fisheries function is greater than90%, leaving only tourismand irrigation functions. Residents per capita annual willingness to pay for wetlandconstruction to reduce the pollution of endogenous is150.03-217.66yuan, the total willingness to pay for is6.26-9.09hundred million yuan each year. Wetlandconstruction policy comprehensive benefits to endogenous abatement in2011showan increase of894,052,800yuan than in2008.The loss of opportunity cost ofSonghuaTownship limits the development was increasing year by year and itsproportion of GDP is also growing. Ecological compensation policy reducing the useof Fertilizer achieved certain results, but the ecological compensation policy ofpopulation transfer did not achieve the desired results.3. The policy recommendations is proposed to build the Dianchi Lake basinecological compensation mechanism that is clearing compensation stakeholders andtheir responsibilities, to broaden the sources of compensation funds, according tolocal conditions to develop the standard of compensation, the introductio n ofecological resettlement compensation policies, construction compensate for long-termmechanismon on the basis of the analysis of existing ecological compensation policyproblems. |
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