| The key link in the framework of smart grid is condition monitoring of the transmission line. The high-voltage transmission lines are not easy to take care of for the geographical environment around tends to be in remote area. The state of current transmission line management in China is extensive, which is unable to meet the need of smart grid for safe and reliable development. The micrometeorological environment monitoring is an important branch of the transmission line condition monitoring. In recent years, the severe weather such as typhoon, lightning, ice disaster and so on is more and more frequent. It does very serious damage to the grid and it is also a huge loss to the society. Therefore, the monitoring of transmission lines’ meteorological environmental parameters can provide timely warning before the arrival of bad weather, which can help staff to take effective measures to reduce the loss of the power grid. Overall, it is necessary to collect the micrometeorological environment parameters of the transmission line.This paper describes a micrometeorological environment monitoring system based on wireless sensor network. This system combines the advantages of both Zigbee and GPRS technologies. The system not only achieves stable operation and long-distance data transmission but also gives full consideration to the cost factor. In remote areas without mobile communication network, Zigbee network can also be in normal operation. Zigbee nodes have the function of relay transmission. Within the range of mobile communication network, The GPRS services can help to carry on long-distance transmission.The system is in modular design. In general, it can be divided into three parts: sensor nodes, coordinator nodes and data centers. Each part is composed of respective functional modules. The sensor nodes are divided into four modules:micro-controller module, RF module, sensor module and power module. Its main function is to send a variety of meteorological data collected by sensors to the coordinator node. The coordinator nodes are composed of microcontroller modules, RF modules, serial modules, power supply module and GPRS module. Its function is to receive data from sensor nodes and send it to the Internet with GPRS. Data center is composed of the host server, database and user interface software. Its function is accessing the Internet to receive data, achieving the display, storage and the query of the parameters and providing early warning when data are abnormal. The modular design of the system is easy for the expansion of the collected parameters. The system can be applied to all aspects of power generation, distribution, transmission and using.The experimental results show that in the system the error maximum of temperature sensor is2℃, and the error maximum of humidity sensor is5.5%RH. Besides, the sensor of wind direction and speed can read the data accurately. The communication distance outdoor reaches400meters. The power consumption of the sensor nodes one day is33.660mAH in the sleep mode with the coordinator about659.434mAH. The system can be in stable work for10hours and have intelligent warning. The system is able to meet the requirements of the micrometeorological monitoring. In addition, the system is of relatively inexpensive cost, easy installment and remote monitoring, which meets the requirements of security, reliability, energy saving and environmental protection. |
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