| Rheum tamguticum belongs to Polygonaceae and Sect.Palmata. Its dried rhizome and roots have medicinal use, the traditional Chinese pharmacopeia features rhubarb. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the major active components in Rhubarb. In order to determine the relationship between the chemical composition contents and the environment factors, the Correlation Analysis has been used among the major medicinal chemical contents and the elevation, latitude and longitude, soil fertility of wild populations and plant leaf shape, etc. According to the regular pattern of variation in different wild populations, this paper provided scientific basis for the identification analysis and production of Chinese herbal medicine Rhubarb. In order to offer some foundations to its good agriculture practice (GAP) and sustainable development. The results conclude as follow:(1)14batches of Rhubarb in different habitats were determined with five dissociated anthraquinones and six combined anthraquinones as well as some tannin contents by HPLC. The HPLC determination conditions were:0.2%acetic acid and acetonitrile-0.2%acetic acid water as the mobile phase; wavelength:254nm; flow-rate:1.0ml/min; column temperature:40℃. The results showed that there were slight differences of the major medicinal components among the14populations, and the differences were caused by the relative contents of characteristic peaks. Anthraquinone derivatives contents were generally higher in traditional authentic region of Gansu and Qinghai populations than other populations, and the populations of Sichuan were in the middle level.(2) By analyzing the relation between the geographic distribution of distance among populations and fingerprint similarity, we made a conclusion that the closer and similar the habitats were, the higher the fingerprint’s similarity was. The similarity in populations of Qinghai Tianjun and Gansu Wenxian peripheral were more than93%, while the average similarity of14populations was83.5%. There was a correlation between the contents of dissociated anthraquinone, rhein, chrysophanol, and the height of altitude, The content of rhein was higher in high altitude while chrysophanol content in low.(3) The soil pH was7.7on average of14R. tamguticum populations, showed the variation range was small, as well as the soil fertility analysis showed the rich contents of various components. The contents of available P, available K and water soluble sodium of5populations in genuine producing areas were higher than the average content of14R. tanguticum populations108%,30%and40%; also higher than the average content of other Rhubarb61%,1%,474%. This fertile soil would help the rhubarb absorb and accumulate the effective components.There were five principal components, accounted for84.4%of the total amount of information, was simplified from the14indexs by factor analysis. The changes of oganic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and zinc were major ecological indicators in soil. Based on the principal component analysis, we also did the cluster analysis of different populations. Although the soil composition indexes had the difference, the soil similarities among80%populations were high, and could be clustered into one category.(4) The analysis results of different populations R. tanguticum chemical composition and leaf morphology shows that there has significant correlation of shapes of leaves and total anthraquinones, chrysophanol and Chrysophanol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. That means the component content of them get decreased when the degree of leaf division get deeper. |
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