| This dissertation includes seven chaptersPart1Summary of the related literaturesGinseng is five plus plants ginseng(Panax ginseng C.A.Mey) dry root, has greatly tonifying qi, tonifying spleen, benefit lung, thirst quenching, sedative educational effect. Ginseng is a rare medicinal herbs, wild ginseng by wild strain, slow growth, combined with the excavation of excessive, nearly dried up resources, was placed on the national level to protect plants. Wild ginseng because of its high price but a low quantity, falsify and substandard products in the markets and confused always emerge in endlessly.At present our country panax ginseng market goods mainly comes from the garden ginseng and panax ginseng cultivation, garden and the large field cultivation of ginseng, general yield is larger. Garden and will sow the seeds of trees, in the field of its own growing ginseng under forest, namely2005national pharmacopoeia of panax ginseng C.A.Mey supplemented version have officially under wild ginseng. Ginseng growth cycle is long, generally need to grow5to6years to harvest.American ginseng is five plus plant American ginseng(Panax quinquefolium L.) dry root. Agriculture in the United States, Canada, such as North America, also known as the American ginseng and American ginseng. Western in ginseng main difference is that ginseng can fill great vigour, and American ginseng is focused on nourishing Yin fluid. At present, the only Liuhe American ginseng cultivation of a small amount of Jilin province.Off the effect of ginseng is fill gas, solid, back to Yang, thirst, puzzle, sedative, clinically used to treat spleen weakness caused by god more exhausted food less, abdominal distension, loose stools; Short of lung qi weakness caused asthma to promote; Really weak season cause of heart palpitation, insomnia, forgetfulness, and qi deficiency to god, shortness of breath, weakness, pulse slightly critical syndrome caused by a heart. American ginseng with tonifying qi Yin, body fluid, yangxin yi zi kidney, lung, clear heat except vexed, more clinically used to treat deficiency of jin kui accompanied by various syndrome of Yin deficiency with internal, such as lung deficiency chronic cough caused by the heat shortness of breath; Lung and kidney caused by heat of pharynx dry mouth, dry cough, shortness of breath; Heart Yin deficiency caused palpitations forgetfulness; Spleen and stomach jin kui stool caused by micro knot, red tongue moss less, etc.The main active ingredients of ginseng ginseng saponin, is about more than40, also contain polysaccharide, organic acids and esters, protein and peptide, amino acids, etc. Ginseng saponins is ginseng active substances, enhance immunity, anti-tumor, anti-cancer effect and so on become the object of study. American ginseng main effective components and for the ginseng saponins, contains ginseng polysaccharide, flavonoids, organic acids and a variety of protein, etc. Ginseng saponins kind of difference is small, and saponin content difference is more apparent, such as two kinds of ginseng contain main Rbl and Rgl, ginsenosides content of ginseng in Rgl was obviously higher than that of American ginseng, and American ginseng, ginseng significantly better than the content of ginsenoside Rbl ginseng, ginseng and American ginseng’s medicinal properties and clinical efficacy of is not the same. Affect the central nervous system, for example, the effect of temperature, is a kind of good mental stimulant, excited central nervous system; While American ginseng sexual cold, on the central nervous system are characterized by inhibition. This thesis of ginseng cultivated ginseng, American ginseng producing Jilin province chemical and environmental factors were studied.Part2Research on the effects of different growth environment on the quality of ginsengGinseng of four areas, respectively, for China, the Korean peninsula, Japan, Russia. Jilin ginseng production accounted for80%of China’s total of more than, account for about60%of the total world output. In this paper, the geographical environment in different regions of jilin ginseng production areas, the preliminary analysis, the results show that the leading producer of Jilin ginseng are mainly distributed in changbai mountains, the ginseng of optimal growth environment factors for east longitude126°30’18’～128°41°21’north latitude-42°48’, an average elevation of about700m, about800mm annual rainfall, annual average temperature is controlled in4℃, the best soil for white and dark brown soil and soil slurry.Part3HPLC chromatogram of saponins and quantitation in sun-dried ginsengs in different regionsEstablished the Jilin region10different origin suncured medicinal material of methanol extract of HPLC feature maps, using HPLC-MS technology to identify the chromatographic peak of22, including15ginseng saponin, four propylene acyl ginseng saponin,2notoginseng saponin and1three alcohol ginseng.Established a HPLC-UV method and determination of four main panax ginseng organs in different regions, Rbl and Rf of ginsenoside Rgl and Re content of quantitative analysis method. Agilent TC-C18chromatographic column, used to acetonitrile/water as mobile phase gradient elution, select202nm wavelength detection. Rgl ginsenosides, Re, Rbl and Rf of the regression equation y=4.306+21.609x, respectively, r=0.9998;y=4.306+21.609x, r=0.9998; y=4.306+21.609x,r=0.9998;y=6.247+25.833x, r=0.9994. Show that ginseng, Rbl and Rf of ginsenoside Rgl and Re mu in0.172～0.172ug,0.185～0.369μg,0.1750.350μg and0.175～0.329μg range has a good linear relationship.Content determination results showed that in Jilin region10ginseng origin Fusong, Antu, Liuhe, Liuhe, Antu, Dunhua, Wangqing, Jingyu, Linjiang and Changbai,(1) the four kinds of ginseng total saponin content of high and low order as:Jingyu, linjiang, changbai> Liuhe, Antu, dunhua, Wangqing, Fusong> Jiaohe, Antu. Jingyu, Linjiang and Changbai contained in the three origin suncured and four main ginseng total saponin content is significantly higher than other regions,1.34%,1.43%and1.52%, respectively. Jiaohe and Antu figure born of the two regions and four kinds of ginseng total saponins of significantly lower than other regions, just0.53%and0.58%. Liuhe, Antu, dunhua, Wangqing and Fusong these five origin suncured participate in four kinds of ginseng total saponin content is close to, is between0.84%～0.95%.(2) the comparison from individual ginseng saponins content, the content of ginseng saponins Rgl are:high and low order Jingyu> Changbai> Linjiang> Dunhua>Ji’An> Fusong> Wangqing> Liuhe> Antu> Jiaohe. Re ginsenosides content is high and low order respectively: Linjiang> Changbai> Wangqing> Ji’An> Dunhua>Jiaohe> Liuhe> Jingyu>Antu> Fusong. Ginseng saponin content of Rbl are:high and low order Changbai> Jingyu> Linjiang> Dunhua> Ji’An> Fusong> Liuhe> Wangqing>Antu> Jiaohe. Rf ginsenosides content are:high and low order Fusong> Liuhe>Antu> Linjiang> Dunhua>Ji’An> Changbai>Jiaohe> Jingyu> Wangqing. Main medicinal efficacy of different ginseng saponins is different also, Rb kind of ginseng saponins have good central nervous sedation, and Rg type of ginseng saponins which plays a preferable role in central nervous excitement; Re ginsenosides on cardiac injuries caused by myocardial ischemia has better protective effect; Rf ginsenosides have anti-tumor, anti-fatigue effect, can reduce the uterine contractions, and associated with cranial nerve cells have analgesic effect. The chemical composition of different origin suncured differences research provides a guidance for clinical medicine choice of ginseng pharmaceutical and scientific basis. Suncured measured different producing area in this paper and the content of ginseng saponins content were higher than pharmacopoeia the specified minimum limit.Part4HPLC chromatogram of saponins and quantitation in sun-dried ginseng and fresh ginseng in the same regionsBy LC/MS technique with origin suncured ginseng and fresh ginseng HPLC analysis feature maps, both contains15the same compound, suncured on HPLC-UV fingerprint, nine more than fresh ginseng characteristic absorption peak, one of the five identified as20-gluco-Rf, Rh2, panax notoginseng saponins R1, malonyl-Rd and ginseng saponin Rg3.20-gluco-Rf and panax notoginseng saponins R1for type A, ginsenosides of ginseng saponins Rh2, malonyl-Rd and Rg3for type B ginseng saponins. This is likely to be in fresh ginseng processed into drying in the process of participation, fresh ginseng in20(S)-the original ginseng and20(S)-the original ginseng three alcohol nature unstable components change.Suncured ginseng and fresh ginseng on the ginseng saponins kind not only exist bigger difference, the content of ginseng saponins have comparatively large difference. Suncured ginseng was determined by HPLC-UV method and four ginseng saponins content in fresh ginseng, results showed that both four total saponin content and monomer saponin content, suncured are far higher than that of fresh ginseng refs. Suncured Rgl ginsenosides in ginseng, Re, Rb1and Rf of the total content of0.84%, and four kinds of ginseng total saponin content in fresh ginseng is only0.16%.Ginseng saponins is the main active components of ginseng and fresh ginseng processed into suncured after, increase the composition of the20-gluco-Rf, ginseng saponins Rh2, panax notoginseng saponins R1, malonyl-Rd and ginseng saponin Rg3, contribute to the clinical curative effect. Although fresh ginseng saponin, kinds and content are less than raw drying, but its utmost retained the original nutrition composition of ginseng, which contains rich ginseng protein, ginseng protein functions significantly in regulating immunity, anti-fatigue, fall hematic fat, such as pharmacological action, is fresh ginseng in health care products, cosmetics and washing products industry in the development and application.Part5LC/MS/MS analysis of chemical composition in ginseng and American ginseng in the same regionAfter LC/MS/MS analysis, from fresh ginseng mass spectrogram22compounds were identified, from fresh ginseng mass spectrogram23compounds were identified, including two kinds of fresh and a total of21common compounds, respectively the ginseng saponins Rc,20-gluco-Rf, Re, Rg1, Malonyl-Rd/iso, Malonyl-Rgl, Ra3, Ra1/Ra2, Ra3/iso, Rb1, Rg2/Rg3, Rb2, Malonyl-Rbl, Rb3, Rb2/Rb3/Rc iso, Malonyl Rb2/Rb3/Rc, Ro/Ro iso, Rd.This article verifies the ginseng saponins Rf characteristic ingredients of fresh ginseng, pseudo ginseng saponins F11for fresh ginseng characteristic compounds. While in fresh ginseng on the positive and negative ions flow map of about33.01min, detected805[M+Cl]-and793[M+Na]+ions, the peak, the preliminary identification of notoginsenoside R2, found that in addition to ginseng saponins for the first time the Rf and pseudo ginseng saponins F11, notoginsenoside R2may also be identified as fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng compound, characteristic of these two kinds of medicinal materials for the further research of the difference of ginseng and American ginseng provides certain reference basis.Part6Research of2-DE of ginseng and American ginseng in the same regionGinseng proteins regulate the body’s immune function, fatigue resistance, reducing blood fat, strengthen resistance to radiation, and so on. With the continuous development of modern biological technology and widely used in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, for the main sector of macromolecular protein research in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is extremely important.This article Tris-saturated with phenol method is used for fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng total protein extraction method. Set up the determination of protein content in fresh ginseng and American ginseng. Using the Bradford method for quantitative analysis of protein, chose test595nm wavelength determination of absorbance values, draw standard curve, calculation of protein sample concentration. Fresh ginseng regression equation y=0.0084x-0.012and r=0.9892, the actual total protein content of fresh ginseng was17.78mg/mL; Fresh ginseng regression equation for y=0.0059+0.0192x,r=0.9946, the total protein content of fresh ginseng is16.57mg/mL. Experimental results show that the actual fresh ginseng total protein content was slightly higher than the actual total protein content in fresh ginseng, for fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng varieties selection and have some reference for clinical medicinal effect, as well as fresh ginseng in food, health care products, wash protect products industry provides some references for the development and utilization.Part7fatigue experiment of fresh ginseng and American ginseng in the same originGlycogen is the power source of all organisms movement, glycogen content of have inseparable relations with the organism movement ability strong and the weak, increase glycogen content will help enhance the organism’s athletic ability, resist fatigue effectively. Glycogen in organisms mainly include liver glycogen and muscle glycogen, hepatic glycogen content of direct response of the body’s glycogen metabolism. Based on the weight loading swimming test in mice and the mice used in the determination of the content of hepatic glycogen of fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng anti-fatigue effect evaluation, results show that the fresh ginseng obviously increase the content of hepatic glycogen of mice, and weight-bearing swimming time in mice and significantly extended, indicate that the anti-fatigue effect of fresh ginseng is better than that of fresh ginseng, for the further development of anti-fatigue health foods to provide a basis.Part8summary and discussionIn this paper, the growth of ginseng herbs environment were analyzed, and the results show that the leading producer of Jilin ginseng are mainly distributed in changbai mountains, the ginseng of optimal growth environment factors for126°30’～128°18’E,41°21’～42°48’W, an average elevation of about700m, about800mm annual rainfall, annual average temperature is controlled in4℃, the best soil for white and dark brown soil and soil slurry. Origin ecological environment analysis, to dry raw ginseng herbs as the research object, established the Jilin region10origin suncured medicinal materials of HPLC feature maps, using HPLC-MS technology to identify characteristic peak, and to establish the HPLC-UV method and determination of drying parameter medicinal materials of four main ginseng saponins (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rf) content in the method of quantitative analysis, cluster analysis showed that Jingyu, Linjiang, Changbai the three origin, suncured ginseng ginseng saponin content is the highest, and quality. For internal quality control and medicinal panax medicinal materials authentic assessment provides scientific basis and the reference standard.In this paper, with the origin suncured ginseng and fresh ginseng water content were measured, the results showed suncured ginseng and fresh ginseng average water loss rate were9.09%and68.24%respectively; The average drying rate were90.91%and31.76%respectively, the calculated water content of fresh ginseng is suncured and7.45times, namely, suncured per gram and the dry matter content of the quality and2.86grams of fresh ginseng contains equal quality of dry matter. On this basis, established the suncured ginseng and fresh ginseng HPLC characteristic spectrum and HPLC-UV quantitative analysis method. Results show that the four main ginseng saponin content in fresh ginseng (0.16%) is far lower than the raw drying (0.84%), and in suncured participation feature maps the chromatographic peak of nine more than fresh ginseng and identified one of the five, respectively for20-gluco-Rf, ginseng saponins Rh2, panax notoginseng saponins R1, malonyl-Rd and ginseng saponin Rg3, show fresh ginseng processed into suncured after, it adds some ingredients.With fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng as the research object, established the LC/MS/MS qualitative analysis method, the results showed that both have21compounds, including17ginseng saponins, four propylene acyl ginseng saponins. This paper proves the pseudo ginseng and ginseng saponin Rf ginsenoside F11compound characteristic of ginseng and American ginseng, respectively, in addition, on the mass spectra of fresh ginseng detect805[M+Cl]-and793[M+Na]+ions, the peak, a preliminary identification of notoginsenoside R2, found that in addition to ginseng saponins for the first time the Rf and pseudo ginseng saponins F11, notoginsenoside R2may also be identified as ginseng and American ginseng compound, characteristic of these two kinds of medicinal materials for the further research of the difference of ginseng and American ginseng provides certain reference basis.Established the Tris-saturated with phenol method for fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng total protein extraction method; and to establish the method of Bradford for fresh ginseng and fresh ginseng total protein content determination method. Results show that the actual total protein content of fresh ginseng was obviously higher than that of the total protein content of fresh ginseng, ginseng and American ginseng varieties selection and have some reference for clinical medicinal effect, as well as fresh ginseng in food, health care products, wash protect products industry provides some references for the development and utilization.The anti-fatigue effect of fresh ginseng and American ginseng, through weight loading swimming test in mice and the mice used in the determination of the content of liver glycogen to compare both anti-fatigue effect, results show that the fresh ginseng obviously increase the content of hepatic glycogen of mice, and weight-bearing swimming time in mice and significantly extended, indicate that the anti-fatigue effect of fresh ginseng is better than that of fresh ginseng, provide the basis for the further development of anti-fatigue... |
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