"the Monk Biography" Phenomenon Of Early Education Research

Buddhism which originated from India, had been introduced to China since the firstcentury AD. However, it didn’t have a large-scale propagation until the Wei and JinDynasties, after blending with metaphysics. The buddhist missionary way was alsodeveloping and changing with the development and localization of buddhism in China, andit had been evolved into three forms include chanting, ZHUANDU and CHANGDAOfrom Indian buddhist chanting. Strictly speaking, Indian buddhist chanting also belongs tothe Category of ZHUANDU, but it more involved in the field of music, and will not bediscussed in the paper because of the Author’s lack of understand. The paper consists ofthe following six parts:The first part: Firstly, that which disciplines does Xuan phenomenon in “EminentMonk Biography” belong to is defined, and then,the status and results ofXuan phenomenon’s study at home and abroad are reviewed, at the same time, theimportant value and innovation of this paper’s topics are elaborated.The second part: Chanting is not only the practice’s important Famennian andimportant way for the buddhist propagation and development, but also the main way ofSHUOFA, so it has a great significance to Indian Buddhism.China’s missionary phenomenon originated in India chanting, and it had been evolved intochanting, ZHUANDU and CHANGDAO three forms. The chanting still continuesthe practice function, although it stresses that accept and uphold the memory of Dharmaand does not attach importance to the Voice, but also potentially plays a role in Kobo. Themain function of ZHUANDU and CHANGDAO which are the products ofBuddhist localization and secularization is Xuan. ZHUANDU has a strict requirement forthe vocal skills of parties.However, CHANGDAO requires the parties to have a variety ofcomprehensive capacity, and it’s rituals and norms improve gradually in developmentprocess.The third part: A large number of Buddhist classics were translated, most of them areMahayana Sutras, after the introduction of Buddhism from the Eastern Han Dynasty.Mahayana Buddhism advocatesconvenient, clever and goodself-cultivation, andChinese believers emphasis on practical function, that’s part of the conditions ofchanting Dharma’s flourish. Although early chanting is most personal practice, there is nospecific norms and skills, but most of chanting masters have noble virtue. At that time,chanting magical effect was emphasized, and chanting not only had characteristics of IndiaBuddhism but also the Wei Jin Southern and Northern Dynasties era feature.The fourth parth: ZHUANDU is a product of the time when Buddhism wasintroduced to China, it producted in Late Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms, and Northernand Southern Dynasties is it’s mature stage. The rituals and norms of ZHUANDU weregradually developed during the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The contradictionand fusion between Buddhism and traditional Chinese culture are showed by combing the ZHUANDU’s development. ZHUANDU, in a word, is a way to recite buddhist scriptures,using Chinese with cadence and rhythm, but no fixed tunes. The missionary function ofchanting is reflected in the pathos of the sound and virtually reaches the purposes ofremoving vulgar.The fifth part: CHANGDAO’s generation has a greate relationship with thedevelopment of buddhist scriptures career, the popularity of Buddhism in the civil,the secularization of Buddhism etc. CHANGDAO is an improvisation Xuanform for monks and laymen, it is completed by ZHUANDU master and CHANGDAOmaster, taking a combination of talking and singing. ZHUANDU requires CHANGDAOmaster to talk adaptably for different levels of audience.The sixth part: There are many causes for the prevalence of early Buddhistmissionaries in China, including the propagation of Buddhism, the development ofthe scriptures careerand China ssocial and cultural atmosphere etc.The early missionary activities in the development process formed institutionalized,ritualized, popularization, skillful and emotional etc. multiple characteristics. Xuanactivities not only promoted the development of Buddhism, but also caused extensive andprofound influence on Chinese culture.