The Research Of Buddhist Poetry In Nandu Period Of Song Dynasty

Since Buddhism's introduction to China,it was spread among all social compositions quickly and had powerful implications.Through Wei,Jin,NanbeiChao,Sui,Tang and Wudai,Buddhism was widely accepted by Chinese society.The formation of Zen is the symbol of Buddhism's Chinese modification.In song dynasty,the development of Buddhism had reached the turn point and started decline.Though,it had great and profound influences in ideology and culture.Zen and Sukhavati were most active in Song,Zen was the most influential.Nandu period is a special time with turbulence and unsettlement,the country was disrupted into two halves,north and south.Song was defeated and the government fled to south,scholars were unsettled and forced into migration.The uneasy surroundings and the fear triggered the conversion to Buddhist Zen.Zen ideology became the weapon against psychological pressures in this time period.The Buddhist temperament was dense in scholars,and emerged in poetry and writings more frequently.The grieves of not only personal experience,but also defeat and flea of mother country,caused much more understanding of Zen and enlightenment.Song dynasty is the prosperous period of poetry.The trend of “Zen into poem”was generated and developed in BeiSong,with few famous pieces.Under the influence of“expansion of poem state”,Buddhism poetry by scholars was developed in nandu period.“Zen into poem”in this time became more substantial in contrast to Beisong.The study on these pieces will be helpful in illustrating the features of poetry,and expanding aspects of poets in this period.It is also useful in sorting the contexts of Buddhist poetry development and deepening the research of song poems.The Buddhist poetry is a type of poetry,referring to the poems with Buddhist elements,like Buddhist terms,Buddhist literary quotations,Buddhist ethics,Buddhist fun,Buddhist taste and Buddhist state.The poets in this research were active scholars(main literary intelligentsia group)in later stage of HuiZong,and GaoZong time,from the end of Beisong to the start of Nansong.The number of poets with circulating Buddhism poetry is 37(according to “All Song Poems” edited by Tang,Guizhang in 1999),with total 300 pieces of poems.9 poets had more than 10 pieces,they are Dunru Zhu,Zizhi zhou,Gang Li,Ziyin Xiang,Yuangan Zhang,Shen Cai,Weilao lv,Hao Shi,and Gou Zhao.This thesis is divided into 3 parts.The first part is the introduction of Buddhist ethics' infiltration to poets and poems.The development of Buddhist poetry,and the thorough state of Buddhist poetry are included with the causes and conditions of poets' Buddhism cultivation in Nandu time.The second part is focused on the contents of Buddhist poetry in Nandu time.Based on the analyses of quantities,the research is carried out from 3 different angels.First,the Buddhist literary quotation in poetry is studied,also including Buddhist terms and Buddhist sayings.Secondly,the Buddhist ethics in poetry is studied,which is more reflected in poets in Nandu time,often expressed as illusions ideology,prakrti-visuddhi,act completely without restraints,silent illumination without stop.Thirdly,merging Buddhist state into poetry is studied,including the construction of Zen's elegant and refined taste,and once-popular “Fisher's poems”fulfilled with Buddhist metaphor and philosophy.The third part is the analysis of the unique features of Buddhist poetry in Nandu period,timely and art.The Buddhist poetry of Nandu period has distinct timely characteristics,particularly in the widely appearances of ideas of illusions in poems.In another aspect,the prosperity of Kanhua and silent illumination in poems is a unique feature of the Buddhist poetry in this intersection of beisong and nansong.The merging of ego awareness into poems is a major colorful spot in the growth of Buddhist poetry,along with the development of Song poetry in this time.At the same time,different types of Buddhist poetry were developed and co-existed,and new art features of statements in Buddhist terms merged,which led to a new height of Buddhist poetry.Based on a total analysis of 3 types of Buddhist poetry in Nandu period,this thesis is focused on the unique timely and art features of these poems.The creation of Buddhist poetry in Nandu period is the characteristic product in this time,with distinct features and intense sense of time.It also reflects the development of poetry in this period,serves as a link between past and future.