Republic Of China Buddhist Innovation Research (1919-1949)

As a social entity Buddhist possess not only an umbrella Sangha and a good deal of temples but also great material or monetary value for its existence and operation,which has been an important part of our country. But it was faced with an exceptionally difficult situation even its survival was under threat since modern times. To counter the corrupt practices of Buddhism some men of insight of Buddhist adopted a series of measures with all aspects which centered around religious doctrine and Buddhist system and property. as a epitome and symbol of Modern Buddhism, it had played an important role in the process of Buddhism development including creative thinking and innovation and it is rather illuminative in onstructing up-to-date Buddhist. Such an important problem should be discussed seriously,but an examination of the facts proves the contrary. In this situation, the paper systematic research of Buddhist revival in national government period. The paper has seven chapters:Chapter one, which is the part of Introduction, explains the research background and purpose, and briefly reviews performance evaluation of vigorous Buddhist revival in home and aboardand so on.The second chapter illustrated the background of Buddhist Reformation. Finally, it analyzes the corrupt practices of Buddhist itself, which was one of the fundamental reasons of Reformation; Secondly, it elaborates Buddhist suffered the destruction from the external world including influenced by Western culture and technology and intellectuals'severe scolding and masses'destruction. To root out bad practices, Sangha had been straightened out in many ways such as reforming clerical certificate system,enforcing tornsure,eliminating monks and priests and so on,which is vital to Buddhist Reformation..The third chapter of this article mainly studies reformation of the Buddhist system, it mainly directed the multitudinous questions existing in itself and made certain appropriate readjustments which is an important component of Reformation.which including organization construction, thought construction, organ construction, system construction and style construction. to a certain degree,Buddhist realized their own betterment and progress in the course of propelling society forward and played a special role and has an important status in the Buddhist history.The fourth chapter focuses on the Buddhism property, it not only encountered brought impact from external world but also freely squander from itself during NationalGovernment period,which sharpened crisis consciousness of Sangha and forced them to take measures to bring the disorders to an end.which not only took both Buddhism property were owned communally and effective protection from gowerment into consideration but also including centralized management of Buddhism property and Buddhism undertakings development and the entire quality improvementof Sangha.which were effective ways to solve the promblem and provided experience for posterity.Part five is the study on the t reformation of Buddhism because of the past period of chaos and poor, and this has partly lowered its prestige among the people.to revitalize Chinese Buddhism and anable it as the "right pointer for modern mind",Ven. Taixu held high the banner of "Human Life Buddhism"and made comprehensive choices for the way of Buddhist modernization.which found general acceptance became an irreversible historical trend. Right following was to propagandize and educate the people through establishing Open Periodicals and delivering lectures and even broadcasting to dissipate misunderstandings, not this merely but also participated some social activities actively, as was sending people abroad for advanced study.Part six mainly discuss Sangha's participation in government affairs,which was not a great but extremely controversial event in Buddhism history,which caused fiery dispute in the late republic of china. The argument had two centers:one was whether or not and another was In what form to participate in the management of State affairs,the former mainly among the Sangha and laymen,and the latter in the monastery.which had a common purpose contending for the initiative legal status and enormous room for growth through changing Buddhism into the nucleus of social service.The last chapter mainly discuss that in the Buddhist Reformation we have to consistently followe two fundamental principles:One is Sangha-oriented and all Sangha as a whole is/are in favour of the reform;the other is Reformation should ont only keep pace with the times but also retain the characteristics of Buddhist itself.In a word, Reformation was a very complex political social issue,involving politics,economy,thought,culture,religion,education and so on.As it involves many aspects and I have little talent and less learning,there must be some disadvantages which need colleagues to make joint efforts to solve this issue.