Intermediate Group And Modern Autonomous Study (1900-1928),

Local autonomy is an important social and political situation in the process of Chinesesocial transformation and nation state construction, is a major try to establish the modern stateand society relationship. It has two clues: one is about the local system on the government andnational level; Another one is about the local self-government movement on the civil and sociallevel, mainly refers to that the modern gentry and intermediate groups promote the developmentof local autonomy. As a joint government of Statesmen and Gentlemen, its important content isto use the powerful ability of social mobilization and identity of intermediate organizations, suchas clan organization, guild and association. As the representative of the new intermediate groups,Chamber of Commerce not only breaks the industry and regional limits of traditional guild, hasbecome the legal component of the state body according to the nation authorization, but also hasthe more powerful social interaction skills, and plays a crucial role in the modern local autonomypromotion.From the perspective of intermediate groups, taking the chamber of Commerce as a core,taking Jinan chamber of Commerce as a clue, this paper is based on the archives, historical data,use the historical narrative method, include the foreword, text, conclusion which discuss thefunction and role of modern intermediate groups in the local autonomy. The foreword includestwo aspects to analysis the significance of the topic: why choice intermediate groups as the angelof view, and why choice chamber of Commerce to study the topic. And summarize the researchand method.The text is composed of four parts. The first part discusses the establishment of Jinanchamber of Commerce under the background of local autonomy, which refers to a social trend ofthought, but not only the national reform. From“discrete chambers”which proposed by YuanShikai to the formation of“a city with two chambers”, the establishment of Jinan chamber notonly depends on the official support, but also the mobilization of folk force. In addition, theautonomous entities of Jinan chamber is very complete, including the autonomous rules, externalsystem which shows more powerful ability of social mobilization, and the internal compositionwhich reveals the spirit of democracy and independent in a certain degree. The second partdescribes the space expansion of Jinan chamber. It includes the autonomous areas of chamber ofCommerce which protects its self interests well, and extends to the“public welfare”and“localautonomy”areas further, almost involving the all content of local autonomy, such as education,local security, municipal administration and so on. Dealing with the warlord, following the localautonomous organizations, cooperating with other intermediate groups, all those have shown thegreat degree for modern intermediate groups to participate in the local autonomy. Based on civilsociety and local autonomous theory, the third part sums up the effects of intermediate groups inthree aspects: the cultivation of the civil society, the promotion of the modernization of legalsystem, and the development of local autonomous movement. As the informal leader, theintermediate groups are still very dedicated to treating the local autonomous career. Based on theall analysis, the fourth part discusses the dilemma of local autonomy. The incompleteself-discipline, the limited independence, and the illegal autonomy, all have a certain negativeimpact to the modern local autonomy, but also the failure summary for the intermediate groupsto develop this movement.