During The Period Of The Republic Of China, Shandong Province, Chinese Students Study

After the founding of the Republic of China (1912-1949), over1,800Shandong students swarmed to Japan, seeking new knowledge and learning advanced technology, and then devoted themselves to national salvation and national rejuvenation back in homeland. They have proved to be a great national power as well as an important democratic force in the period of the Republic of China. They also existed as a powerful group of intellectuals in the initial reconstruction of the new China.Guided by Marxist Historical Materialism, the first section of this paper mainly uses chronological methods to observe, in the period of the Republic of China, exactly how many of these Shandong students went to Japan, and why did they go there, and what were some of the features that they had in common, etc. The purpose of this observation is to integrate this with the movement of Shandong students studying in Japan in late Qing Dynasty so as to present the big picture of the Shandong movement in modern China. The second section of the paper, which is based on the first one, combines Shandong local history and the history of Sino-Japanese relations, and links offshore education to modernization research. It respectively discusses these SD students’provincial and national contributions from the facets of military and politics, culture and education, anti-Japanese War, and reconstruction of the new China.In respect of military and politics, they struggled to maintain the revolution fruits against conservatives in the early years of the Republic. Before the establishment of the Republic, they had already played an indispensible role in the Warlord era, providing intellectual support to warlords and resisting foreign invasions. Some of the SD students studying in Japan who contributed greatly to the establishment of Kuomintang were famous early activists. After the Republic government was set up in Nanjing, these SD heroes continued to glow, and so were born clusters of elites skilled in military, politics and diplomacy. In respect of SD culture and education modernization in recent times, the SD students studying in Japan also brought about an utmost devotion to it. Bearing advanced western thoughts learned in Japan, they either advocated western culture, creating prominent literary or artistic works and leading closed hometown to a vivid new world; or devoted to national education, introducing well-established theory and reforming the whole education system. Thus schools were widely spread, and flows of talents were fostered.In respect of resisting foreign aggressions, especially during the period of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War, the SD students studying in Japan sacrificed hugely. Taking advantage of their familiarity of the enemy, they provided important tactical suggestions to the government. Meanwhile, energetically advocating Anti-Japanese thoughts, they organized all forms of national resistance against the enemy. Some of them even went to the first line and gave their lives to their homeland.As the victory of the Anti-Japanese War was obtained, the Civil War broke out. Then, with Kuomintang of China failed in mainland and retreated to Taiwan, the People’s Republic of China was founded. During these historical events, the SD students studying in Japan made different choices. Some of them followed Kuomintang and went to Taiwan, continuing to act as politicians. Some of them stayed in mainland and served as officials in the Communist Party of China. But most of them, who endeavored to reconstruct a New China, were spread to various industries and made crucial contributions to the New China.To overview the movement of Shandong students studying in Japan, we can see from it a continuously sequential proceed. In political and military sphere, these SD elites constitute a flow of power in revolution, democratic, civil war, and anti-invasion. In social and cultural sphere, these SD heroes promoted revolutions and developments. In short, Shandong students studying in Japan in the Republic of China, the first modernized people in real meaning, have made huge contributions to the early modernization of Shandong, and China.