| "Nance Dream” and “Handan Dream” are the excellent dramas of “Linchuan FourDreams’of Tang Xianzu,the famous Dramatist in the late of Ming dynasty,in which thelanguage is Vernacular-based, and we can see the original spoken Chinese in the beginningQing Dynasty. It provides a lot of new language materials, which can provide a strongfoundation for our further study of the Chinese in Ming Dynasty. There is little specialized studyon the question-marks of "Nance Dream "and "Handan Dream ".This essay inspects on thequestion-marks system of “Nance Dream” and “Handan Dream”,trying to make the overview ofthe using and development of the question-marks in the late Ming, hoping to fill in the blank ofthe study on question-marks of Modern Chinese.The language components (including voice) which can individually load the questioninformation are called question-marks. Chinese question-marks include doubt tone, interrogativewords, questioning words, and questioning syntactic structure. These marks load questioninformation. In these four question-marks, interrogative tone is the most widely used, it canappear in all questions, but it loads the most vaguely question information. If there is no otherquestion-marks used in the questions, the tone of the doubt must be used, which loads questioninformation individually. Normally only non-interrogative sentences must use the doubt tone,other interrogative sentences may use or may not. Because doubt tone loads questionsinformation more vaguely, so this essay makes no exposition on it.There are725sentences individually marked by interrogative pronouns (numeral),116sentences marked by interrogative adverbs,74sentences marked by Interrogative Wordindividually. There are31sentences marked by Interrogative Word and interrogative adverbs,3sentences marked by interrogative pronouns and interrogative adverbs. There are12sentencesmarked by fixed sentence,4sentences marked by honorific, and41sentences used noquestion-marks. There are1054interrogative sentences in the “Nance Dream” and “HandanDream”, in which there are1013sentences used question-marks, accounting for96.110%of thetotal number of the interrogative sentences, of which there are82sentences marked by twoquestion-marks, accounting for8.095%,915sentences marked by one question-marks,accounting for90.326%.In these1013sentences marked by question-marks, the number ofsentences individually marked by interrogative pronouns, doubt adverbs, interrogative words, fixed interrogative form, honorific, accounts for71.570%,11.451%,7.305%,1.185%,0.395%respectively, The sentences marked by interrogative pronouns account for the vast majority.The interrogative pronouns (numeral) in “Nance Dream” and “Handan Dream” can bedivided into seven system:“Zen”(235cases),“He”(250cases),“Na”(58cases),“Duo”(13cases),“Ji”(25cases),“Shen”(100cases),“Shui”(91cases),they make776sentences,they canmake especial interrogative, asking the person, material, premises, reasons, ways and means, andthey also can constitute a rhetorical question, asking the affair, The numbers of interrogativesentences marked by interrogative pronouns of “zen” and “he” systems are bigger than the other,account for30.283%,32.216%respectively.The doubt adverbs in “Nance Dream” and “Handan Dream” can be divided into10system:“Qi”(3cases),“Qi”(13cases),,“Mo”(10cases),“Pa”(6cases).“Gan”(23cases),“Ke”(58cases),“Hai”(8cases),“Nandao”(25cases),“Defei”(3cases),“Du”(1cases).They make150sentences, and the “Ke” system makes a higher percentage of38.667%. They are mainly used tohelp constitute a measure interrogative, non-doubt and the rhetorical doubt, they also canconstitute an especially questions or a select interrogative, but there are less cases.The interrogative Words in “Nance Dream” and “Handan Dream” include:“Ye”(30cases).“Hu”(34cases),“Fou,Wei,Wu”(5cases),“Me”(50cases),“Lai”(10cases),“Na”(5cases),“Ba”(1case),“Bucheng”(1case),“He”(4cases),“Li”(7cases),“Ne”(6cases).They constitute153interrogative sentences,of which “Ye,Hu,Me” make the most percentage,accountingfor19.608%,22.222%,32.680%respectively, and of which there are31cases marked by doubtadverbs too, and48cases marked by interrogative pronouns too. They can be used to helpconstitute an especially questions, a non-doubt, a select interrogative, the rhetorical doubt, ameasure interrogative and so on,In addition, there are9fixed interrogative forms to help constitute12select interrogativesentences:“Shi Bu Shi……?”,“Shi……Hai Shi……?”,“Shi……Shi……?”,“Shi……?......?”,“……Ye Shi……?”,“……?......?”,“V De?V Bu De?”,“VYe Bu V?”,“V Bu Ye V?”,we cansay selection interrogative sentences have been most reflected. There are four cases markedby honorific just like “Zun, Gao,Gui”, helping to constitute especially questions, they also canbe seen question-ma... |
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