Inner Mongolia Manhandiao Folk Song Singing Art Characteristic Research

Manhandiao is one kind of folk song which is widely spread in the west of Inner Mongolia. It is originated at Zhungeer county, Ordos in Qing dynasty. At that time, many Han nationality people migrate from Hequ county and Fugu county to Inner Mongolia, which is called "Going to West Gate" and is one of three most famous immigration flow in Chinese history. According to the legend, since Qin and Han dynasties, Han nationality people began their migration. This phenomenon became obvious during16th century and the flood tide appeared at the late Ming and early Qing dynasty. With the coming of migration people, the Han nationality people and the Mongol nationality people were living together gradually. This promote the development of politics, economy and culture at HeTao area of Inner Mongolia (include Ordos, Bayannur, etc). These two ethnic people started to manage the local area together. At the same time, agriculture, culture and art of Han nationality are also introduced in by the migration people. The culture and art of the migration people (mainly from Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces) is fused with the culture and art at Ordos area in Inner Mongolia, which promotes the appearance of the new folk song, Manhandiao.Manhandiao takes Ordos short melody as the basis, and is added in lyrics and rhythms of Chinese folk music in Shanxi province and Shaanxi province. Besides, its aria takes the singing features of folk rhyme and Xin Tian You in Shanxi, Shaanxi and Hebei provinces. The lyric of Manhandiao may be in Chinese or the combination of Chinese and Mongolian, this unique character is called "a snowstorm is raging". In recent years, many researches on Manhandiao are done from the view of history, society or human, respectively. However, there is few research result about the singing characters of Manhandiao.This thesis introduces the history and title background of Manhandiao folk songs, and researches on its music and singing characters through literature review, representative songs analysis, representative singer interview and on-the-spot investigation. As to the music characters, the music tone, melody, form, mode and rhythm of Manhandiao folk songs will be analyzed to find out the its specific characters; as to the singing characters, the language and aria (such as articulation, pronunciation, breath and resonance) of Manhandiao folk songs will be researched, and the similarities and differences between male tune and female tune will be analyzed to display the specific characters of Manhandiao folk songs. In addition, this thesis investigates how the music and culture of Han and Mongolia are fused, and what is the effects it brings to the singing characters of Manhandiao folk songs.