The Evolution Of The CPC Evaluation And Policy Toward The Three-district Revolution In Xinjiang

The revolution in1944in three regions of Xinjiang, which refers to Yili,Tacheng, and Altai, is a major event in the history of modern revolution in Xinjiang,which aimed to overthrow the reactionary rule and ruthless exploitation of ShengShicai authorities from KMT(Kuomintang). It is also a national-democraticrevolutionary movement which strove for the economic equality and politicaldemocracy of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. In the beginning, therevolution was under the influence of the Soviet Union, but with the mistakes ofethnic separatism and undermining national unity. The three regions, when thenational people’s democratic liberation revolution is a foregone conclusion,corrected the mistakes and gradually became a part of the Chinese people’sdemocratic revolution and liberated Xinjiang peacefully with the guidance and helpof progressives in these three regions.The CPC(Communist Party of China) with Marxism-Leninism as its guidingideology, when it was founded, has sought ways from the Soviet Union, the firstsocialist country, to liberate China. Because it needed guidance in theory andexperience in reality, it held its conferences in the presence of internationalrepresentatives from the Soviet Union from the very beginning of its First Congress.It was not until the CPC accumulated experience and learned more theoreticalknowledge that it headed toward a revolutionary road which was in line with its ownconditions. Before the revolution in three regions broke out, the CPC could not beregarded as an important factor which influenced the revolution. Actually, thedemocratic revolution led by the CPC and the revolution in three regions were in aparallel state and without interaction due to the fact that the CPC was in secrecyunder the historical conditions and could not be publicly against with KMT since ithad established the National United Front with KMT. It even could not be said thatthe CPC had established close contact with three regions when the leaders of theCPC had already had the first contact with the representatives of three regions. It canbe concluded from historical analysis that the CPC was wary of and sympathetic tothe conditions in three regions, and cautiously accepted the armed struggle in thoseregions. Meanwhile, the representatives in three regions, in terms of knowledge andattitude towards the CPC, only regraded the CPC as a domestic power against theKMT due to the Soviet control, and analyzed revolutionary situation with ethnic andreligious views. When the situation around the world changed and the CPC was bound to be the winner in the War of Liberation in mainland of China between theCPC and the KMT, the Soviet Union, out of its national security and interests,changed its policy towards Xinjiang and supported that the CPC established contactwith the three regions. Deng Liqun’s arrival to Yining with the broadcasting stationsmarked the three regions’ acceptance of the leadership of the CPC and he worked alot to deepen the understanding between the three regions and the CPC. Thus, therepresentatives of the three regions corrected the former mistakes on ethnic issue andfinally the revolution in the three regions became a part of the people’s democraticrevolution led by the CPC. The CPC employed the progressives in the three regionsand strove to liberate Xinjiang peacefully. To be more specific, with the rule of theCPC, rent-reduction and anti-hegemony reform, land reform and other democraticreform and social transformation were carried out so that feudal exploitation classwas destroyed, the system of ethnic oppression and class oppression was rooted out.In this way, the implement of autonomy in ethnic regions solved the ethnic problemsand made all ethnic groups of three regions become masters of the country and headtowards the socialist road which advocated the equality and unity of all ethnics andthe joint development and prosperity.