Suez Crisis And The Countermeasures Of U.S. And U.S.S.R

This paper based on previous studies and analysis of original documents,as main lines of the target, method and result, tries to explore the gamebetween the two countries in Suez Crisis and taking Egypt as an example,investigates the race for the two countries of the third world in the Cold Warand the influence of Suez Crisis on the relations between the United Statesand the Soviet Union.This paper is divided into four parts:The first part is the international background of the Suez Crisis.Many countries are very concerned about the Suez Canal, becauseit’s importantly strategic position. Suez Canal is an international shippingwaterway of a bridge connecting Asia, Africa and Europe, after the SecondWorld War, its importance is more prominent, because it is linked with theoutput of oil in the Middle East. Second, the British control of Egypt is graduallyweakened; the changes in Egypt’s domestic politics forced the British tochange the relationship with Egypt. Finally, the Cold War between the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union expanded to the Middle East. In order to deter theSoviet Union’s penetration of the Middle East, the United States set up theBaghdad Treaty Organization. Through arms trade agreement reached withEgypt, the Soviet Union divides the so-called”Northern Defense”.The second part is the diplomacy of the Suez Crisis.Fund-raising of the Aswan High Dam controversy, ignited the fuse ofEgypt nationalized the Suez Canal. Western countries in the dam loans backed on its word, which provides an opportunity for theintervention of the Soviet Union. Nasser decided to use theproceeds of the Suez Canal to support the construction of the dam.Four countries, Britain, France, the United States and the SovietUnion facing Nasser’s nationalization of action have two propositions: Britain,France advocated the use of force, the United States; the SovietUnion advocated resolving the crisis through diplomatic means. The latter ideawas recognized by the parties. Twice the London Conference and GeneralAssembly meeting held in this context. However, the United States, Britainand France were difficult to reach a unanimous position. The Soviet Union tookthe opportunity to expand its influence.The third part is the Suez Canal war.In the end, Britain and France selected force to resolve thecrisis, this behavior had the support from Israel. The United States and theSoviet Union exerted diplomatic pressure on the military operations of threecountries. Soviet Union not only to provided diplomatic support Egypt, andeven sent military intervention of the signals to Britain and France, UnitedStates used means of financial assistance. The contest between Old andnew colonial powers in Egypt was moving towards a climax. Crisis haddifferent effects on the countries involved. The influence of Britain and Franceon the Middle East disappeared. The Soviet Union obtained overwhelmingbenefits in the crisis. The United States not only alienated the allies, and it alsofailed to prevent the penetration of the Soviet Union in the Middle East.