The Study Of The Concepts "Verdinglichung" And"Versachlichung" Of Marx

The Concept of Reification plays an important role in the tradition of critical theory, but because there are two different words of Reification in German, that is the Verdinglichung and Versachlichung, this concept becomes therefore complicated. In order to understand Verdinglichung and Versachlichung, we must return to the history of intellectual history, and do a review of Ding and Sache, the roots of Verdinglichung and Versachlichung. For Kant, the concept of Ding concentrated on Ding an sich. Kant divided the phenomenal world and the things in themselves, making the experience of being and the object only attributable to the scope of the experience, and the thing in itself is placed into unknown areas. Although the concept Sache have appeared in Kant’s Metaphysik der Sitten, it has not been categorically discussed. After Fichte, Hegel’s philosophical system is the most comprehensive critique of Kant’s "thing in itself" default, he first proposed the concept of the distinction of Ding and Sache, and then Dingheit and the Sache selbst to grasp the Weltlauf.In the issue of Ding and Sache became Hegel the target of Marx. Before writing German Ideology, the concepts of Ding and Sache have not enter into the sight of Marx, even in the German Ideology, although there are Ding and Sache in Marx’s discussion, but for Marx these two concepts has not really as an object to be addressed. Until in the1857-1858Manuscripts of Economics, the differences between Ding and Sache became clearly, that is, Ding as an objective empirical objects, meanwhile Sache as the relationship between people and objects. This distinction has a very close relationship with the study of Marxist political economy, and they play an important role in the theory of Marxist historical phenomenology. It was also in the1857-1858Manuscripts of Economics, Marx has used the concept "Versachlichung" the first time. In Das Kapital, differences between the concepts of Ding and Sache have been further deepening. The argument, that the goods are on the surface a "Ding" and essentially the "Sache", is further demonstrated. The concepts of Verdinglichung and Versachlichung have finally appear in Das Kapital, although only a few times, we can still affirm the statue of the two concepts in Marx’s theory of fetishism. Therefore they have an important position for us to grasp the nature of capitalism.After Marx, Weber, Lukacs, Heidegger, and Hiromatsu Wataru as the representative of Japanese scholars have discussed the problem of Verdinglichung and Versachlichung in different views, and in the different historical context. But they have failed to achieve the level of Marx on this issue from the foundation. Verdinglichung and Versachlichung must be linked together be discussed. To break characters of "Dingheit" of the human social history, we must go back to the objective social history of the production process and analyze the specific relations of production and social relations.