Effects Of Aerobic Exercise And High-fat Diet In Lipid Metabolism And Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Objective1. Explore the effects of aerobic exercise and high fat diet in the lipid metabolism.2. Observe the effects of aerobic exercise and high fat diet in atherosclerosis.3. Explore the effects of aerobic exercise and high fat diet in endoplasmic reticulum stress for liver。MethodsThe research object of the experiment is40male mice BALB/c only eight weeks. Randomly dividedinto four groups: Normal diet group(N, n=10); High-fat diet group (H, n=10); Aerobic exercise group(E,n=10); High-fat diet and aerobic exercise group(HE, n=10).Adaptive feeding3days，all mice fast12h, andtake blood from tail vein, then separate serum,-80℃deposit wait for measuring. Take the second day afterblood to different groups for the different intervention: High-fat diet group (H), during the experiment,high-fat diet. Normal diet group(N)and high-fat diet group (H) free activities. Aerobic exercisegroup(E)and high-fat diet and aerobic exercise group(HE) with no weight loading swimming. Everymorning swimming60minutes, training five days a week, total8weeks. Every other week measuring aweight. The last day of experiment, All mice fast12h, the next day take blood from tail vein, separationserum. Detect the content of Triglycerides（TG）、Total cholestero（lTC）、glucose（GLU）、Shingomyelion（SM）and Lactic acid(LD). Use amobarbital sodium anesthesia mice after take blood. Ripped open chestmice,take liver and gallbladder，observe the liver and gallbladder shape and using the method of WesternBlotting test grp78(lucose regulated protein) in liver.Fixed mice with4%paraformaldehyde, separationfour group mice of Aortic arch and thoracic and abdominal aorta, observation the atherosclerotic plaque.Results1. Before the experiment, all of the mice weight are not statistically significant（P>0.05）(see table1-4).After the eight weeks，the weight of High-fat diet group from （20.64±2.32g to32.72±1.44g,）improved significant（data see table4-1，figure4-1）(p<0.05). The weight of Aerobic exercisegroup(E) and High-fat diet and aerobic exercise(HE) reduced, but the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）。The weight of High-fat diet group improved significant compare with othergroup.2. After the eight weeks，The comparison of the lipid levels：Before the experiment, the mice lipid levels no significant differences,(P>0.05)(see table4-1).After the experiment:(1) The change of Triglyceride(TG):Compared with before experimental:N group not change significantly(before0.88±0.29、after1.01±0.37)mmol/L（,P>0.05）;H group(before0.95±0.2、after0.64±0.16）mmol/L,reduced significantly（P<0.01）；E group（before0.84±0.30、after0.77±0.27）mmol/L，reduced but the difference was notstatistically significant （P>0.05）;HE group （before0.82±0.17、 after0.52±0.18） mmol/L,reducedsignificant, The difference was statistically significant (p<0.01).Compare with N group,Each group of TG content are significantly lower,（P<0.05）。(2) The change of Total cholesterol(TC):Compared with before experimental:N group not change significantly (before3.36±1.21、after2.51±0.52)mmol/L,（P>0.05）;H group (before2.35±0.69、 after4.46±0.45)mmol/L, improvedsignificant, The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05);E group (before3.36±1.21、after2.51±0.52)mmol/L,reduced significant, The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05).HE group(before2.17±0.39、after3.71±0.79)mmol/L,improved significant, The difference was statisticallysignificant (p<0.05).Compared with N group,H group improved significant （2.51±0.52、4.46±0.45）mmol/L,（P<0.05）；E group reduced significant N group （2.51±0.52、1.62±0.47）mmol/L,reducedsignificant H group（:1.62±0.47、4.46±0.45）mmol/L，（P<0.01）;HE group reduced significantH group(3.71±0.79、4.46±0.45）mmol/L，（P<0.05）；Compared with E group,HEgroupimproved significant（3.71±0.79、1.62±0.47）mmol/L，（P<0.01）。(3) The change of glucose(GLU):Compared with before experimental:H group (before5.30±1.84、after6.27±1.25)mmol/L,Rise is not obvious,the difference was not statistically significant （P>0.05）。 E group (before5.07±1.33、after2.38±1.03)mmol/L,reduced significant The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05);HE group(before5.68±1.68、after2.78±1.08)mmol/L,reduced significant The difference was statistically significant(p<0.05);Comparison between groups, compared with N group,H group improved but not significant.comparedwith N group,E group reduced significant （2.38±1.03、5.18±1.55）mmol/L，（P<0.05）；compared withN group,HE group reduced significant （2.78±1.08、5.18±1.55）mmol/L，（P<0.05）；compared with Hgroup,HE group reduced significant （2.78±1.08、6.27±1.25）mmol/L，（P<0.05）；compared with Egroup,glucose rise is not obvious（2.78±1.08、2.38±1.03）mmol/L，（P<0.05）。(4) The change of Sphingomyelin(SM):After the experiment, E group reduced significant （12.74±2.82、9.84±2.08）mmol/L,（P<0.01）；There are no significant changes of the rest of the groups.Compared with N group,the SM of H group not improved significant（13.12±2.75、15.13±1.98）mmol/L，（P>0.05）；the SM of E group reduced significant（13.12±2.75、9.84±2.08）mmol/L（,P<0.05）；the SM of HE group Changed a little.Comparison between groups,compared with H group,HE group Changed a little （14.71±3.39、15.13±1.98）mmol/L，（P>0.05）；Compared with E group,the SM of HE group improved significant（9.84±2.08、15.13±1.98）mmol/L，（P<0.05）;Compared with H group,he SM of E group reducedsignificant （15.13±1.98、9.84±2.08）mmol/L，（P<0.01）。3The change of Lactic acid:After the eight weeks, the Lactic acid of aerobic exercise group、high-fat diet and aerobic exercisedidnot change significantly.4. After the eight weeks，Aortic arch and Thoracic and abdominal aorta tests show (see figure4-2.4-3):N group: normal aortic arch, transparent、clean、vascular intima smooth，Levels clear and thicknesseven. Vascular intima、blood vessels in film and vascular adventitia is normal. No lipidprecipitation and plaques. E group: aortic arch have not plaques, aortic arch, transparent、clean、vascular intima smooth，Levelsclear and thickness even. Vascular intima、blood vessels in film and vascular adventitia isnormal. No lipid precipitation and plaques.H group: aortic arch not transparent, not clean and have lipid precipitation and plaques.HE group: aortic arch not so transparent but Basically do not have lipid precipitation and plaques.Compare with H group、E group and HE group，H group have plaques best, HE group have a littleplaques, E group have no plaques.5After the eight weeks，Using the method of Western Blotting test Grp78in liver(see figure4-4)：Compared with N group,H group GRP78were significantly elevated. HE group of GRP78washigher than E group，but not higher than H group.Compared with N group,E group of GRP78have nosignificant change.And HE group of GRP78was significantly lower than that in H group.6After the eight weeks，through autopsy findings: Compared with Normal diet group(N) of liver color,80%high-fat diet group of liver color is white(see figure4-5,4-6).And found70%high-fat diet grouphave small white particles in gallbladder(see figure4-7,4-8).Conclusions1. Aerobic exercise can obviously reduce the disorder of lipid metabolism to the high fat diet.2. Aerobic exercise can reduce atherosclerotic plaque to the high fat diet.3. Aerobic exercise not bring the normal body happen endoplasmic reticulum stress but can significantlyreduce the high fat diet mice endoplasmic reticulum stress level.